“…During the development of mastitis, in the cow as well as in the sow, it has been shown that the proinflammatory cytokines not only provide defence against bacterial infections, but also contribute to the clinical symptoms of disease [5,30,44,46,49,50,59]. For instance, it has been established that IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α play a role in the initiation of the inflammatory responses following intramammary inoculation with Escherichia coli [6,45,48,59].…”