Tumor Necrosis Factor and Severe Malaria

Shaffer, Nathan; Grau, Georges E.; Hedberg, Katrina; Davachi, Farzin; Lyamba, Bongo; Hightower, Allen W.; Breman, Joel G.; Nguyen-Dinh, Phuc

doi:10.1093/infdis/163.1.96

Cited by 119 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Meta-analysis revealed that the CR1 exon 22 low expression polymorphism is significantly associated with protection against severe malaria. The results of the present study demonstrate that common CR1 variants significantly protect against severe malaria in an endemic area [23]. Our study is also showing high expression of CR1 on RBCs facilitate binding of plasmodium and increased level of TNF-α Cytokine in blood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Association of Complement Receptor Type-1 (CD35) Gene Polymorphism with P. falciparum Malarial infection in Vindhyan region of Madhya Pradesh, India

Saket¹,

Indurkar²,

Chauhan³

2017

MOJBM

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Malaria is a chronic disease having large prevalence in tropical and subtropical countries. CD35 protein density on RBCs determines susceptibility to P. falciparum infection. In our population, complement receptor Type-1 (CD35) gene polymorphism determine the density of CD35 protein on RBCs. As we know, CD35 protein is an adhesion protein for P. falciparum and high density confer chances to infection. Polymorphism of CR1 (CD35) gene, SNP Intron 27 (T520C) in our population reveals three genotypes HH, HL and LL. Genotype HL (P=0.0298*) frequent distributed in population and showing association between case and control. In our population LL genotype have protective effect for P. falciparum infection whereas HH, and HL genotype confer high density of CD35 protein on RBCs surface. The frequency of H allele (in case=65.47%, control=55.38%) is high in comparison to L alleles (in case =34.52%, control = 44.61%). Frequency of H and L allele (P= 0.0241*) significantly associated but not carriage rate (P=0.2127) between case and control population. Elevated TNF-α level in blood serum reveals quantity of infection level and having strong association (P<0.0001 ***) with P. falciparum malarial infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Association of Complement Receptor Type-1 (CD35) Gene Polymorphism with P. falciparum Malarial infection in Vindhyan region of Madhya Pradesh, India

Saket¹,

Indurkar²,

Chauhan³

2017

MOJBM

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“…Data from several recent studies have suggested an association between the P. falciparum infection and elevated TNFα levels. 11 Most of the previous studies were carried out in children. To the best of our knowledge, only two studies have been undertaken in adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Necrosis Factor in Falciparum Malaria

Gandapur

Malik

1996

Ann Saudi Med

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To investigate the relationship of TNFα levels to Plasmodium falciparum (PF) infection, plasma TNFα concentrations were measured in Pakistani adults and children with mild, severe, cerebral and chronic falciparum malaria and healthy (control) subjects. The initial geometric mean plasma concentrations of TNFα in adult patients with severe malaria (187.6 pg/mL) were significantly higher than mild malaria patients (87.1 pg/mL, P < 0.001). TNFα levels were not correlated to parasite density, cerebral malaria, young age, hypoglycemia or fatal outcome; however, they were associated with severe anemia, and hepatic and kidney dysfunction. TNFα levels were not significantly increased in 16 patients with hyperparasitemia and were significantly elevated (P < 0.02) in chronic malaria patients as compared to control subjects. TNFα levels were elevated independently in patients with anemia, hypoglycemia (P < 0.001, P < 0.05), and hepatic and kidney (P < 0.001 each) dysfunction. In this study, high TNFα levels were associated with several manifestations of severe malaria and were not specific to cerebral malaria and hyperparasitemia.

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“…There is much suspicion that cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor, the interleukins, and gamma interferon mediate the onset of illness in infected persons (30,71,88 (53). A herpesvirus, pseudorabies, carrying the CS protein gene from P. yoelii has been used successfully to induce both high antibody titers and a genetically restricted, antigen-specific, CD8+ T-cell-dependent CTL response to target cells expressing P. yoelii CS protein (87).…”

Section: Transmission-blocking and Pathogenicity Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria vaccine development

Jones

Hoffman

1994

Clin Microbiol Rev

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The malaria parasite life cycle presents several targets for attack, but these different parts of the life cycle are susceptible to different types of host immune response. For example, the sporozoite is most sensitive to immune antibody, while liver stage parasites can be eliminated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Attachment of merozoites to erythrocytes, on the other hand, can be blocked by antibody. Convincing experimental evidence shows that completely protective immunity to malaria can be induced. The challenge now is to design recombinant or synthetic vaccines that induce the right types of immune responses to specific life cycle stages. This requires the identification and characterization of B- and T-lymphocyte epitopes expressed by the parasite or by parasitized host cells. These epitopes must be incorporated into a delivery system that maximizes the interaction between the vaccine epitopes and the host immune system. Many epitopes from several parts of the life cycle are already characterized; development of multivalent vaccines, that is, vaccines which contain immunogens from more than one part of the life cycle, is a promising area for research efforts.

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Tumor Necrosis Factor and Severe Malaria

Cited by 119 publications

References 25 publications

Association of Complement Receptor Type-1 (CD35) Gene Polymorphism with P. falciparum Malarial infection in Vindhyan region of Madhya Pradesh, India

Association of Complement Receptor Type-1 (CD35) Gene Polymorphism with P. falciparum Malarial infection in Vindhyan region of Madhya Pradesh, India

Tumor Necrosis Factor in Falciparum Malaria

Malaria vaccine development

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