Tumor-Infiltrating Foxp3−CD4+CD25+ T Cells Predict Poor Survival in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Foxp3À T cells, which may represent a unique set of Tregs or activated helperTcells, was significantly associated with outcome.

Localisation pattern of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells is associated with clinical behaviour in gastric cancer

“…In particular, multivariate analysis in pancreatic cancer (Hiraoka et al, 2006) showed that the prevalence of Foxp3 þ T regs was an independent prognostic factor. On the contrary, it has been reported that the clinical outcome was not dependent on the prevalence of Foxp3 þ T regs in TILs in renal cell carcinoma (Siddiqui et al, 2007). Thus, in human malignancies, it remains controversial as to whether infiltrating T regs, in particular Foxp3 þ T regs, are related to the clinical outcome.…”

FOXP3+ Cell Density in Primary Tumor Has No Prognostic Impact in Patients with Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

“…Since the amount of FOXP3 + cells did not show association with any of the studied parameters: patient age or gender, tumor thickness, location, histological type, ulceration and, most importantly, the outcome of the disease, as mentioned above, FOXP3 + cell infiltration in the primary tumor does not seem to have a significant impact on the course of the disease in cutaneous melanoma. Previous studies aiming at the clinical relevance of tumor-infiltrating Tregs have given rise to contradictory results, showing correlation with poor outcome in some cancer types [5][6][7][8][9] but no association or even correlation with improved survival in others [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]21]. It could be suggested that each tumor type behaves differently in this context [4], depending perhaps on other players on the scene of antitumor immune reactions and their complex functional interrelationships with Tregs as well as with tumor cells.…”

“…Reports on the prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating Tregs are inconclusive; while in some cancer types their increased level has been correlated with poor outcome, as in the case of ovarian, breast, pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinomas [5][6][7][8][9], in others including prostate and renal cancers no significant associations were found [10,11], and in the case of head and neck carcinomas, colorectal cancer, as well as in several lymphoma types a marked infiltration by Tregs showed correlation with improved survival [12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Human FOXP3 and cancer

“…In neoadjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy, we found a close relationship between complete histological response and the absence of FOXP3 cells . However, no significant relation between Treg infiltration and prognosis was found in patients bearing kidney cancer (Siddiqui et al, 2007). Paradoxically, a high density of FOXP3 þ T-cell infiltration was correlated with a better locoregional control of the tumor in patients with head and neck carcinoma (Badoual et al, 2006).…”

“…Meanwhile, another team administered metronomic low dose oral cyclophosphamide for patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer. (Gobert et al, 2009) 191 Unfavorable Colorectal carcinoma (Salama et al, 2009) 967 Favorable Cervix carcinoma (Jordanova et al, 2008) 115 Unfavorable Esophagus carcinoma (Yoshioka et al, 2008) 122 Not significant Gastric carcinoma (Mizukami et al, 2008) 80 Unfavorable (*) Head & neck carcinoma (Badoual et al, 2006) 84 Favorable Hepatocellular carcinoma (Gao et al, 2007) 302 Unfavorable Kidney carcinoma (Siddiqui et al, 2007) 170 Not significant Lymphoma (B cell) (Carreras et al, 2006) 98 Favorable Lymphoma (Hodgkin) (Alvaro et al, 2005) 257 Favorable Ovary carcinoma (Curiel et al, 2004) 104 Unfavorable Pancreatic carcinoma (Hiraoka et al, 2006) 198 Unfavorable…”