Tumor glioneuronal formador de rosetas del IV ventrículo. Presentación de 2 casos y revisión de la literatura

Glioneuronal Tumors: Insights into a Rare Tumor Entity

“…Previous limitations in diagnosis were related to limited ability to elicit radiographic differences, scant material for pathological analysis and the overall rarity of glioneuronal tumors. Ganglioglioma, paraganglioma, central neurocytoma and DNET have been reported on for some time (Figure 1) (1)(2)(3)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). RGNT (39)(40)(41), PGNT (42,43) and GNTNI (44) were added to the WHO classification in 2007 (1).…”

“…Ganglioglioma, paraganglioma, central neurocytoma and DNET have been reported on for some time (Figure 1) (1)(2)(3)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). RGNT (39)(40)(41), PGNT (42,43) and GNTNI (44) were added to the WHO classification in 2007 (1). In 2016, the classification added diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors (DLGNT) (1,2,(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51) where the number of published case reports, pathological studies and reviews has grown since (Figure 1) (35).…”

“…Attempts have been made to radiographically classify long-term epilepsy-associated tumors, of which glioneuronal tumors form a significant component. A number of small series have described imaging features of PGNT (42,85), RGNT (40,41,86), DLGNT (45)(46)(47)87), GG (56), neurocytomas (16), DNT (8). PGNT, RGNT and GNTNI were added to the WHO classification in 2007 hence imaging reviews are more recent and evolving (2).…”

“…Gross total resection (GTR) is superior to subtotal resection (STR) and tumors with a lower Ki-67 index and a lower WHO grade have a better prognosis as compared to those with higher index and higher grade (7,12). Only about 50% of patients undergo GTR prompting the administration of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in some patients although due to limited evidence the benefit thereof remains unclear (18,20,40).…”