Tumor-associated exosomes promote lung cancer metastasis through multiple mechanisms

Abstract

As an important medium of intercellular communication, exosomes play an important role in information transmission between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Tumor metastasis is a serious influencing factor for poor treatment effect and shortened survival. Lung cancer is a major malignant tumor that seriously threatens human health. The study of the underlying mechanisms of exosomes in tumor genesis and development may provide new ideas for early and effective diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer metastasis. Many studies have shown that tumor-derived exosomes promote lung cancer development through a number of processes. By promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition of tumor cells, they induce angiogenesis, establishment of the pretransfer microenvironment, and immune escape. This understanding enables researchers to better understand the mechanism of lung cancer metastasis and explore new treatments for clinical application. In this article, we systematically review current research progress of tumor-derived exosomes in metastasis of lung cancer. Although positive progress has been made toward understanding the mechanism of exosomes in lung cancer metastasis, systematic basic research and clinical translational research remains lacking and are needed to translate our scientific understanding toward applications in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer metastasis in the near future.

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Gastric Juice

“…The results of numerous studies indicate that EVs contribute to the malignant phenotype and the survival of primary tumor cells, regulating the processes of proliferation and apoptosis [ 33 , 34 ]. EVs also participate in tumor spread by enhancing the migratory and invasive activity of cancer cells and stimulation of angiogenesis [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. In addition, EVs secreted by tumor cells are involved in the processes of the tumor–stroma interaction, reorganization of tissue microenvironment, pre-metastatic niche formation, and reprogramming of immune cells to evade anti-tumor immunity [ 7 ].…”

Advances in the Application of Exosomes Identification Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for the Early Detection of Cancers

“…Lung cancer has developed into one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, with the highest incidence and mortality rate ( Jiang et al, 2021a ; Drusbosky et al, 2021 ). The incidence of lung cancer has been on the rise due to factors such as smoking and environmental pollution ( Koch et al, 2021 ; Raguraman et al, 2021 ).…”

Recent Progress of Exosome Isolation and Peptide Recognition-Guided Strategies for Exosome Research

“…Nowadays, more and more studies have shown that exosomes play important roles in organisms, such as cell-to-cell communication ( Ruhland et al, 2020 ; Schneider et al, 2021 ), immune response ( Kalluri and LeBleu, 2020 ; Su et al, 2020 ), cell growth and differentiation ( Yin et al, 2021 ; Zarnowski et al, 2021 ), as well as molecular transport ( Zhu Q. et al, 2021 ). Crucially, the concentration and phenotype of exosomes have been proved to reflect the state of their parental cells and associate with the occurrence and development of various diseases, such as cancers ( Jiang et al, 2021 ), infectious diseases ( Ning et al, 2021 ; Xie et al, 2021 ), metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases ( Kalluri and LeBleu, 2020 ). Therefore, developing exosome isolation methods with high efficiency and selectivity will definitely promote the deep understanding of the functions of exosome, as well as the accurate diagnosis and treatment of diseases.…”