“…In contrast to CA IX, CA XII is upregulated by estrogen and therefore present in many breast cancers (3). More generally, the enzyme is overexpressed in many forms of human cancer, including renal, pancreatic, gut, oral, brain, lung, and ovarian (2,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), but is also present in some normal tissues, such as kidney, gut, and endometrium (4,6,12), expressed in combination with other carbonic anhydrase isoforms. CA XII has also been found to be overexpressed in glaucoma (13) and in advanced atherosclerotic plaques (14).…”