Tumor-Associated Antigens

Alatrash, Gheath; Crain, Alyssa K.; Molldrem, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812630-1.00007-4

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…In contrast, TAAs have differentially expressed proteins that are present in both malignant and non-malignant cells. Although TAAs are expressed on normal cells, their expression on malignant cells has a unique characteristic resulting in specific immunogenicity (60). Nevertheless, because the antigens are also expressed on the normal cells, they may induce autoimmunity in the host (61).…”

Section: Monoclonal Antibodies (Mab)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: Options and Strategies

2020

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Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world with increasing incidence and mortality rates globally. Standard treatments for colorectal cancer have always been surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy which may be used in combination to treat patients. However, these treatments have many side effects due to their non-specificity and cytotoxicity toward any cells including normal cells that are growing and dividing. Furthermore, many patients succumb to relapse even after a series of treatments. Thus, it is crucial to have more alternative and effective treatments to treat CRC patients. Immunotherapy is one of the new alternatives in cancer treatment. The strategy is to utilize patients' own immune systems in combating the cancer cells. Cancer immunotherapy overcomes the issue of specificity which is the major problem in chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The normal cells with no cancer antigens are not affected. The outcomes of some cancer immunotherapy have been astonishing in some cases, but some which rely on the status of patients' own immune systems are not. Those patients who responded well to cancer immunotherapy have a better prognostic and better quality of life.

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Section: Monoclonal Antibodies (Mab)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: Options and Strategies

2020

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“…There are two main types of tumor antigens: Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor-specific antigens (TSAs). TAAs are self proteins that are highly expressed in cancer cells but typically found at minimal levels in normal cells ( 39 ). TAAs naturally arise through genetic amplification or post-translational modification, leading to the aberrant expression of proteins that are then no longer shielded from the MHC-processing machinery and consequently acquire immunogenic properties ( 40 ).…”

Section: Tumor Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public neoantigens in breast cancer immunotherapy (Review)

Sueangoen,

Thuwajit,

Yenchitsomanus

et al. 2024

Int J Mol Med

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“…In contrast, TSAs are absent in healthy cells and arise from nonsynonymous mutations. Since TSAs are typically absent from normal tissue, targeting them in therapy offers the potential to minimize the risk of autoimmune responses, making them a promising target for cancer treatment [18,21]. Unlike TAAs, TSAs are not subjected to central tolerance mechanisms that eliminate T and B cells reactive to self-antigens.…”

Section: Cancer Vaccine Progress and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness—A Literature Review

Kaczmarek,

Poznańska,

Fechner

et al. 2023

Cells

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In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in tumor microenvironment-associated cancer vaccine therapies. These innovative treatments aim to activate and enhance the body’s natural immune response against cancer cells by utilizing specific antigens present in the tumor microenvironment. The goal is to achieve a complete clinical response, where all measurable cancer cells are either eliminated or greatly reduced in size. With their potential to revolutionize cancer treatment, these therapies represent a promising avenue for researchers and clinicians alike. Despite over 100 years of research, the success of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been variable, particularly in advanced cancer patients, with various limitations, including the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, the presence of immunosuppressive cells, and the potential for tumor escape mechanisms. Additionally, the effectiveness of these therapies may be limited by the variability of the patient’s immune system response and the difficulty in identifying appropriate antigens for each patient. Despite these challenges, tumor microenvironment-targeted vaccine cancer therapies have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies and have the potential to become a valuable addition to current cancer treatment and “curative” options. While chemotherapeutic and monoclonal antibody treatments remain popular, ongoing research is needed to optimize the design and delivery of these therapies and to identify biomarkers that can predict response and guide patient selection. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of cancer vaccines, various delivery methods, and the role of adjuvants in improving treatment outcomes. It also discusses the historical background of cancer vaccine research and examines the current state of major cancer vaccination immunotherapies. Furthermore, the limitations and effectiveness of each vaccine type are analyzed, providing insights into the future of cancer vaccine development.

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Tumor-Associated Antigens

Cited by 8 publications

References 128 publications

Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: Options and Strategies

Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: Options and Strategies

Public neoantigens in breast cancer immunotherapy (Review)

Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness—A Literature Review

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