Tumor-associated antigen-based personalized dendritic cell vaccine in solid tumor patients

Targeting Tumor‐Associated Antigens in Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Immunotherapy: Past Pitfalls and Future Strategies

“…In a recent personalized cancer vaccine trial, autologous DC vaccines transfected with mRNAs encoding TAAs with LAMP‐1 modification were delivered to solid cancer patients. ( 81 ) Most of the immunized TAAs induced antigen‐specific CD4 + and/or CD8 + T‐cell responses and were associated with favorable overall survival. ( 81 ) Additionally, patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with autologous DCs pulsed with cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) RNA linked to the sorting signal of LAMP‐1 as adjuvant (maintenance) therapy showed prolonged progression‐free and overall survival.…”

“…( 81 ) Most of the immunized TAAs induced antigen‐specific CD4 + and/or CD8 + T‐cell responses and were associated with favorable overall survival. ( 81 ) Additionally, patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with autologous DCs pulsed with cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) RNA linked to the sorting signal of LAMP‐1 as adjuvant (maintenance) therapy showed prolonged progression‐free and overall survival. ( 82,83 ) Several clinical trials using DC‐LAMP to target TAAs into the MHC class II pathway were conducted in patients with melanoma.…”

Dendritic Cell Vaccines in Ovarian Cancer

“…To validate the individual neoantigens, whole exome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis (e.g., fetchGWI, NETMHC) are combined, complemented or not by high throughput qPCR essays and mass spectrometry ( 74 ). To manufacture personalized DC vaccines, DCs are loaded with these candidate individual neoantigens through neoantigen gene-encoding peptides stimulation ( 75 ) or mRNA transfection ( 76 , 77 ).…”

Immune Regulation of the cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Clinical Application

“…Owing to central and peripheral tolerance, tumor-associated antigen is weakly immunogenic; therefore, appropriate adjuvants are essential for overcoming tolerability and enhancing tumor-specific immune responses. [149][150][151] STING agonists can be delivered with tumor antigen peptide as a vaccine adjuvant to overcome tolerance, enhancing antitumor immune responses. Mice with metastatic breast cancer (the 4T1 model) were therapeutically immunized with an attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (LM)-based vaccine, expressing the tumor-associated antigen Mage-b (LM-Mb), followed by multiple low doses of c-di-GMP.…”