Tularemia Presenting Solely with Cervical Lymphadenopathy and Fever

Boeckel, Göran Ramin; Adiprasito, Jan Basri; Froböse, Neele J.; Schaumburg, Frieder; Vollenberg, Richard; Tepasse, Phil‐Robin

doi:10.3390/diagnostics12082000

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…It may lead to mild but chronic diarrhoea or a life-threatening illness marked by severe ulceration of the colon (Boeckel et al. 2022 ; Rijks et al. 2022 ; Sullivan et al.…”

Section: Manifestations In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tularemia – a re-emerging disease with growing concern

Sharma,

Patil,

Singh

et al. 2023

Veterinary Quarterly

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Tularemia caused by Gram-negative, coccobacillus bacterium, Francisella tularensis, is a highly infectious zoonotic disease. Human cases have been reported mainly from the United States, Nordic countries like Sweden and Finland, and some European and Asian countries. Naturally, the disease occurs in several vertebrates, particularly lagomorphs. Type A (subspecies tularensis ) is more virulent and causes disease mainly in North America; type B (subspecies holarctica ) is widespread, while subspecies mediasiatica is present in central Asia. F. tularensis is a possible bioweapon due to its lethality, low infectious dosage, and aerosol transmission. Small mammals like rabbits, hares, and muskrats are primary sources of human infections, but true reservoir of F. tularensis is unknown. Vector-borne tularemia primarily involves ticks and mosquitoes. The bacterial subspecies involved and mode of transmission determine the clinical picture. Early signs are flu-like illnesses that may evolve into different clinical forms of tularemia that may or may not include lymphadenopathy. Ulcero-glandular and glandular forms are acquired by arthropod bite or handling of infected animals, oculo-glandular form as a result of conjunctival infection, and oro-pharyngeal form by intake of contaminated food or water. Pulmonary form appears after inhalation of bacteria. Typhoidal form may occur after infection via different routes. Human-to-human transmission has not been known. Diagnosis can be achieved by serology, bacterial culture, and molecular methods. Treatment for tularemia typically entails use of quinolones, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides. Preventive measures are necessary to avoid infection although difficult to implement. Research is underway for the development of effective live attenuated and subunit vaccines.

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“…It may lead to mild but chronic diarrhoea or a life-threatening illness marked by severe ulceration of the colon (Boeckel et al. 2022 ; Rijks et al. 2022 ; Sullivan et al.…”

Section: Manifestations In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%