Tularemia in a Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Sinclair, Julie R.; Newton, Alisa L.; Hinshaw, Keith C.; Fraser, G. R.; Ross, Patrina; Chernak, Esther; Johnson, Caroline; Warren, Nancy A.

doi:10.3201/eid1409.071690

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Although the glandular tularemia resembles the ulceroglandular form in terms of transmission, it differs with the presence of regional lymphadenopathy without any detectable skin lesion. The oculo-glandular form often develops through contact of contaminated hands, a splash of infected animal's body fluids into the conjunctiva, or direct contact (OIE 2009;Wobeser et al 2009;Blackburn et al 2013;GIDEON 2019) USA Present (Geiger 1931;Jellison et al 1965;Evans et al 1985;Magee et al 1989;Taylor et al 1991;Gliatto et al 1994;Shoemaker et al 1997;Lindley et al 2002;Avashia et al 2004;Magnarelli et al 2007;O'Toole et al 2008;Sinclair et al 2008;OIE 2009;Calanan et al 2010;Scheftel et al 2010;Hansen et al 2011;Brett et al 2014;Larson et al 2014;CDC 2018;GIDEON 2019) -…”

Section: Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tularemia: a re-emerging tick-borne infectious disease

Yeni¹,

Büyük

Ashraf

et al. 2020

Folia Microbiol

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Tularemia is a bacterial disease of humans, wild, and domestic animals. Francisella tularensis, which is a Gram-negative coccobacillus-shaped bacterium, is the causative agent of tularemia. Recently, an increase in the number of human tularemia cases has been noticed in several countries around the world. It has been reported mostly from North America, several Scandinavian countries, and certain Asian countries. The disease spreads through vectors such as mosquitoes, horseflies, deer flies, and ticks. Humans can acquire the disease through direct contact of sick animals, consumption of infected animals, drinking or direct contact of contaminated water, and inhalation of bacteria-loaded aerosols. Low infectious dose, aerosol route of infection, and its ability to induce fatal disease make it a potential agent of biological warfare. Tularemia leads to several clinical forms, such as glandular, ulceroglandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, respiratory, and typhoidal forms. The disease is diagnosed through the use of culture, serology, or molecular methods. Quinolones, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides are frequently used in the treatment of tularemia. No licensed vaccine is available in the prophylaxis of tularemia and this is need of the time and high-priority research area. This review mostly focuses on general features, importance, current status, and preventive measures of this disease.

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