Tularaemia outbreak in Bulgaria

Christova, Iva; Velinov, Tzvetan; Kantardjiev, Todor; Galev, Andrey

doi:10.1080/00365540410021199

Cited by 41 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In 2007 the second outbreak in the same region was with typhoid form predominance [14]. However, oropharyngreal tularemia is the most frequently observed type in some eastern European countries, particularly in Kosovo, Turkey, and Bulgaria [6,7,15]. In contrast to cases found in Sweden [16] and Finland [17], oropharyngreal tularemia is also the most common manifestation in Norway [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The incidence increased again in 2003 in the same areas. While recent reports in Bulgarian publications have addressed mainly the epidemiological and microbiological features of tularemia [7,9] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each form reflects the mode of transmission. While ulceroglandular tularemia occurs more frequently, oropharyngeal infection has increasingly been reported recently in Turkey and in other European countries, including Bulgaria [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tularemia in Bulgaria 2003-2004

Komitova

Nenova

Padeshki

et al. 2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Tularemia is an uncommon but potentially fatal zoonosis. А second outbreak of tularemia in Bulgaria, about 40 years after the first, occurred in 1997 in two western regions, near the Serbian border. In 2003 tularemia reemerged in the same foci. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in a tularemia resurgence in the Slivnitza region in [2003][2004]. Methodology: A total of 26 cases were evaluated. Using medical records, the following data were collected for all patients: symptoms, physical signs, and microbiology results of agglutination tests, cultures and PCR assays. Results: Twenty-four of 26 suspected tularemia patients were laboratory confirmed by agglutination test and/or culture. Fifteen (57.7%) patients had clinical presentation compatible with oropharyngeal, 8 (30.8%) with glandular, and 3 (11.5%) with oculoglandular tularemia. The most frequent symptoms were swollen neck (84.6%) and sore throat (76.9%). Lymphadenopathy (100%) was the most common finding. Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) was detected by PCR, providing a definitive diagnosis in 82.3% of the cases. All the patients were treated with antibiotics considered effective against F. tularensis; however, therapeutic failure was observed in 23.1% of the cases, which was related to a delay in the initiation of antibiotics. Conclusion: The tularemia outbreak in west Bulgaria near the Serbian border was probably food-borne, associated with a surge in the rodent population. The oropharyngeal form was the most common. Although the disease runs a benign course, late initiation of antimicrobial therapy might delay complete recovery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tularemia in Bulgaria 2003-2004

Komitova

Nenova

Padeshki

et al. 2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Outbreaks in Bulgaria and Turkey [83,84] Pneumonic Fever and pulmonary infiltrates Inhalation Mowing lawns in Cape Cod, MA, USA Laboratory-acquired infection [85,86] [7]…”

Section: Contaminated Food or Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Tularemia: current diagnosis and treatment options

Hepburn

Simpson

2008

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

109

117

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Tularemia is an infection caused by Francisella tularensis with a worldwide distribution and diverse clinical manifestations. Limitations in both culture and serologic testing have led to substantial research into new diagnostic techniques and their clinical application, with PCR testing as the best example. This review focuses on the utility of culture, PCR and serologic testing for tularemia. In addition, we also review the evidence to support different therapeutic options for tularemia, highlighting both the most effective supporting evidence for therapeutic recommendations as well as gaps in current knowledge. We conclude the article with suggestions regarding potential areas for future research.

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“…Ingestion of FTcontaminated materials or water is associated with oropharyngeal tularemia, typically displaying a pronounced cervical lymphadenopathy (17)(18)(19). Another less common, but significant, FT infection is known as oculoglandular tularemia, which may be caused by touching the eye with a contaminated hand (7,(20)(21).…”

Section: Natural Infection and Symptoms Of Tularemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Francisella Tularensis With Components of the Host Fibrinolytic System

Clinton¹

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Tularaemia outbreak in Bulgaria

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

Tularemia in Bulgaria 2003-2004

Tularemia in Bulgaria 2003-2004

Tularemia: current diagnosis and treatment options

Interactions of Francisella Tularensis With Components of the Host Fibrinolytic System

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