Tubulin tyrosine ligase: Protein and mRNA expression in developing rat skeletal muscle

Abstract

Alpha tubulin can be post-translationally tyrosinated at the carboxy-terminus by a specific enzyme: tubulin tyrosine ligase. The expression of tubulin tyrosine ligase mRNA and protein during the development of rat skeletal muscle was examined in the present study. A portion of the coding region of the rat ligase cDNA was isolated and sequenced. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed about 90% homology with previously reported porcine and bovine ligase sequences. In newborn rats, ligase mRNA and protein were highly expressed in skeletal muscle. During early postnatal development, however, both ligase mRNA and protein dropped down dramatically. Quantitative measurements revealed that ligase protein at postnatal day 20 represented only 10% or less of the level at postnatal day 1. Ligase mRNA expression was also examined during the myogenesis in vitro. A strong ligase mRNA signal was detected in both undifferentiated myoblasts and cross-striated, contractile myotubes. The present results suggest that, during muscle differentiation, ligase function may be regulated by the amount of available mRNA. The discrepancy in the ligase expression between the in vivo and in vitro myogenesis suggests that factors controlling the levels of mRNA in vivo are lost in vitro.

Low expression of human tubulin tyrosine ligase and suppressed tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination cycle are associated with impaired neuronal differentiation in neuroblastomas with poor prognosis

“…In newborn rats, TTL expression is found in skeletal muscle at high levels and is developmentally regulated by rapidly decreasing its level during early postnatal period. 31 It is interesting that both BMP2 and RA, which have increased levels of hTTL expression, function as regulators to induce differentiation during neural development.…”

Microtubule and Cell Contact Dependency of ER-bound PTP1B Localization in Growth Cones

“…Monoclonal anti-tyrosinated tubulin and polyclonal anti-calnexin (both used at 1/1000) were from SigmaAldrich. Polyclonal anti-detyrosinated tubulin (used at 1/1000) was a gift from Dante Beltramo (Ceprocor, Có rdoba, Argentina) and Carlos Arce (Universidad de Có rdoba, Argentina; Arregui et al, 1997). phalloidin-TRITC (used at 1/1000), phalloidin-AMCA (used at 1/200), and Alexa Fluor488-and Alexa Fluor546-conjugated secondary antibodies (both used at 1/500) were from Invitrogen.…”

Hydrotreating of light gas oil using carbon nanotube supported NiMoS catalysts: Kinetic modelling

“…It is interesting that no orthologs of highly conserved mammalian TTL have so far been reported in Caenorhabditis elegans , Drosophila melanogaster and Saccharomyces cerevisiae , suggesting that the tyrosination/detyrosination cycle of tubulin may be related to evolution of the cellular functions, including neuronal differentiation. In newborn rats, TTL expression is found in skeletal muscle at high levels and is developmentally regulated by rapidly decreasing its level during early postnatal period 31. It is interesting that both BMP2 and RA, which have increased levels of hTTL expression, function as regulators to induce differentiation during neural development.…”