Tubulin perturbation leads to unexpected cell wall modifications and affects stomatal behaviour inPopulus

Abstract

HighlightGrowth-compatible, post-translational modifications of tubulin in transgenic Populus alter cell wall pectin-xylan networks and guard cell movement.

PP2A and microtubules function in 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐mediated H2O2 signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells

“…In vivo stomatal aperture assays with different microtubule inhibitors indicate that MTs could regulate stomatal function (Fukuda et al , , Huang et al , Marcus et al , Swamy et al , Qu et al ). In the present study, taxol further promoted ALA's effect on microtubule organization and stomatal aperture, while VBT partially inhibited these effects (Fig.…”

“…However, the MTs in guard cells remain well organized even after differentiation is completely finished, suggesting that MTs may also function in stomatal movement. Fukuda et al (, ), Huang et al (), Marcus et al (), Swamy et al (), and Qu et al () together demonstrated that MTs are indeed required by mature guard cells for stomatal function by in vivo stomatal aperture assays with different microtubule inhibitors. We previously reported the role of ALA in regulating stomatal movement.…”

Compensatory guaiacyl lignin biosynthesis at the expense of syringyl lignin in4CL1-knockout poplar

“…The wood samples were ground to pass a 40-mesh screen using a Wiley mill, followed by 99 cycles of ethanol extraction using a Soxhlet extraction unit (Buchi) and air dried. Extractive-free wood meal was used for Klason lignin (Swamy et al, 2015) and crystalline cellulose content determination according to Updegraff (1969). Lignin composition was determined by thioacidolysis (Foster et al, 2010), matrix polysaccharide composition by trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysis (Foster et al, 2010), and glycosyl composition by methanolysis followed by trimethylsilylation (Harding et al, 2018).…”

“…We then adapted the approach of Liu et al (2016) for construction of sample-specific networks. Briefly, a group of reference samples was assembled from our previous studies unrelated to lignin pathway gene manipulation (Swamy et al, 2015; Xue et al, 2016). Only unstressed xylem samples were included (n=35).…”

“…and P. tremula × alba INRA 717-1B4 (Hu et al, 1998; Hu et al, 1999; Voelker et al, 2010). The genome duplicate 4CL5 (Potri.003G188500) is the only other 4CL gene family member expressed in lignifying xylem, but its transcript levels are much lower than those of 4CL1 (Supplemental Figure 1; Hefer et al, 2015; Swamy et al, 2015; Hu et al, 2016; Xue et al, 2016; Wang et al, 2018). Populus trichocarpa (Nisqually-1) 4CL1 and 4CL5 were proposed to encode 4CL proteins that form heterotetramers in a 3:1 ratio (referred to as Ptr4CL3 and Ptr4CL5 in Chen et al, 2013; Chen et al, 2014).…”