Tuberous Sclerosis with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms

Abstract

Background: : Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder that affects multiple organs that is typically apparent shortly after childbirth. It frequently affects the brain, resulting in a behavioral pattern known as TSC-associated neuropsychiatric condition (TAND). It is clinically defined by the triad of epilepsy (EPI), adenoma sebaceous (A), and intellectual disability (LOI), thus encompassing these characteristics. In Europe, the prevalence is estimated to be between 1 in 25,000 and 1 in 11,300 people. Worldwide 2 million people are believed to be affected by this syndrome. A 22-year male patient came in the emergency department with the chief complaint of delusion of reference, aggressive and violent behavior, decreased appetite, mutilating to self, irritably smiling to self since one month, involuntary movement of hands since 5 months, not interacting with family members, sitting alone and small hard inflamed red spot on the face. TSC is linked to a variety of physical and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We outlined the various levels of TAND (Tuberous Sclerosis with neuropsychiatric symptoms) checklist and provided up-to-date information about these levels in this article. Annual TAND screening using the TAND Checklist could be a simple but effective strategy for meeting the TAND needs of people with TSC and their families.