Tuberculosis — United States, 2021

Filardo, Thomas D.; Feng, Pei-Jean; Pratt, Robert; Price, Sandy F.; Self, Julie L.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7112a1

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“… 21 22 55 56 57 58 59 While in a few studies figures showed a rebound after such measures were lifted 29 57 or once response measures were rolled-out, 60 articles generally stated that such decline in case notification did not resume its pre-pandemic levels even after lockdowns were lifted. 49 61 Studies from several countries showed relatively minimal disruption to the TB case notification figures, such as a 12% decline in Germany, 62 8% decline in Vietnam, 63 14.6% decline in a single district in Malaysia, 64 and a decrease from an average of 4.7 cases to 4.1 cases per day in UK. 65 A modeling study that reflects the current trend of TB case notification revealed that 25% decline in TB case notifications may lead to an additional 190,000 TB deaths.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What is even more concerning is the fact that such drop in case notifications generally did not resume its pre-pandemic levels even after lockdown measures were lifted. 49 61 The speculation regarding the cause of the drop in TB notification is a mixture of underreporting of TB cases and a true reduction in TB incidence. Underreporting of TB cases is one that should have been detected but went undetected due to a variety of possible causes, such as disruption of active case finding programs and surveillance systems, overload in laboratory capacity, mobility restrictions due to lockdowns, delay in healthcare seeking, and overlapping symptoms of TB and COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Preventive Services and Their Post-Pandemic Recovery Strategies: A Rapid Review of Literature

Jeong

Min

2023

J Korean Med Sci

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted tuberculosis (TB) care and prevention around the world. The aim of this study is to review literature on the impact of COVID-19 on TB preventive services and discuss their policy options during and after the pandemic. Methods We conducted a rapid review of scientific literature on the impact of COVID-19 on TB preventive services and their recovery strategies. After conducting a line-by-line open coding, their codes were applied in the descriptive theme building process, which was guided by the End TB strategy. TB preventive measures were selected and classified into five analytical categories: 1) vaccination against TB, 2) detection and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI), 3) screening and diagnostics, 4) active case finding and contact tracing, and 5) surveillance. Results We identified 93 articles, of which 65 were research articles. During the pandemic, we observed decrease in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) coverage, TB diagnostic services, case finding activities, and LTBI management. TB case detection was declined, which was not resumed to the pre-pandemic level after loosening the lock-down. Several recommendations were highlighted: 1) secure BCG stocks and its supply chains, 2) consider catch-up activities of routine immunization and LTBI screening, 3) maintain minimal TB health services, infection prevention and control, and surveillance, 4) leverage laboratory capacity and contact tracing mechanisms, 5) consider simultaneous testing for TB and COVID-19, and 6) Incorporate digital health technologies. Conclusions Our findings and lessons learnt from the pandemic can aid in the development of future national TB control program.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Preventive Services and Their Post-Pandemic Recovery Strategies: A Rapid Review of Literature

Jeong

Min

2023

J Korean Med Sci

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“…Tuberculosis continues to be a problem in many places in the United States as well. In 2021, nearly 8000 people developed Tuberculosis within the United States, with some decrease from previous years in the rates during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 22 ]. This staggering number for Tuberculosis indicates the continued need to understand the disease and the conditions that make this disease still in existence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Social Determinants to Educational Outcomes: Geospatial Considerations

et al. 2022

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In recovering from one of the worst educational crises in recorded history due to the pandemic, in a mission to rebuild and become more resilient, there has been a heightened urgency to provide resources to communities most in need. However, precisely identifying those needs have become all the more important due to the increase in popularity of e-learning as a suitable option and the improvement of technologies. Most notably, socially disadvantaged and historically marginalized communities were disproportionately and severely impacted by several aspects of the pandemic, in terms of health, economics, access to education, and sustainable well-being. This differential effect was modeled spatially with the combination of aerial photogrammetry, traditional geospatial mapping, and other robust AI-driven techniques to synthesize and analyze the various types of data. In this original research study, we apply various spatial health variables, relate them to educational variables in an initial empirical process of understanding how to address equity-related considerations from the context of the learner’s experience, providing the empirical evidence for the development of locally tailored learner support and assistance, meeting students where they are by specifically identifying and targetting geographically undeserved areas. We found that there were clear statistically significant relationships between educational attainment and several physical (p < 0.001), mental (p = 0.003), access to healthy food/food security (p < 0.001), and uptake of preventative health measures (p < 0.001), which also varied geographically. Geographic variations in learning experiences demonstrates the unquestionable need to understand a variety of physical, mental, and dietary factors surrounding the student’s success. Understanding a combination of these factors in a geospatial context will allow educational institutions to best serve the needs of learners.

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“…Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially dangerous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which primarily affects the lungs but can also attack other tissues and form caseating granulomas. According to the CDC, in 2021, 7,860 TB cases were provisionally reported in the US [1]. People contract tuberculosis from one another by coughing and sneezing, which release microscopic droplets of germs into the air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constrictive Pericarditis Secondary to Tuberculosis Infection: Literature Review

Coral

2022

JOCCT

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Tuberculous pericarditis is produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, accounting for 1% of all forms of tuberculosis. Its prevalence varies according to coinfection with HIV. Mortality varies between 17 and 40%. In the US, the prevalence is low compared to developing countries. This article aims to review the literature on pericarditis caused by tuberculosis (TBP), its prevalence in the US, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Among the most frequent clinical manifestations are dyspnea, fever, chest pain, and cough. TBP should be suspected in patients at high risk of exposure to tuberculosis. There are multiple lab tests for diagnosis, and its primary treatment is triple therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin or ethambutol. In case of persistent elevation of systemic venous pressure, surgical intervention is indicated. The clinical presentation was found to be variable.

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Tuberculosis — United States, 2021

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Preventive Services and Their Post-Pandemic Recovery Strategies: A Rapid Review of Literature

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Preventive Services and Their Post-Pandemic Recovery Strategies: A Rapid Review of Literature

Transforming Social Determinants to Educational Outcomes: Geospatial Considerations

Constrictive Pericarditis Secondary to Tuberculosis Infection: Literature Review

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