Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors among Tuberculosis Patients at Wolayta Sodo Teaching and Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem throughout the world particularly in resource limited countries. Measuring and reporting of TB treatment outcomes and identifying associated factors are fundamental part of TB treatment. The aim of this study was to assess TB treatment outcome and associated factors among TB patients in Wolayta Sodo Teaching and Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.Design and Methods: Facility based retrospective cohort study was conducted in Wolayta Sodo Teaching and Referral Hospital. All TB patients who registered during September 2014 to August 2019 and had known treatment outcome were included in the study. The data were collected using pretested structured data extraction format that included demographic, clinical and treatment outcome variables. SPSS Version 23 for windows was used for data processing. Bivariate and multivariate analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed to infer associations between the independent and dependent variables.Results: Of total 232 TB patient included in the study, 54.3% were male,80.2% were urban residents, 65.9% were pulmonary TB (PTB). From the total 153 PTB cases,31.5% were smear positive, 17.2% were HIV co-infected and all of them were on antiretroviral treatment. Most, 97.0% of the TB cases were newly diagnosed and all were treated as first line treatment category. The overall treatment success rate was 82.5% (28% cured 54.3% completed), 11.2% loss to follow-up, 4.7% dead and 0.9% treatment failure. The treatment success rate of HIV co-infected TB patients was 77.5%. There was no significant association between TB treatment outcome and age, sex, residence, type of TB, category of patients and HIV status.Conclusions: The treatment success rate was low (82.5%) which is below the90% threshold defined standard with high proportion of patient’s lost to follow-up (11.2%). A higher number of transfer-out cases were recorded in this study. Thus, supervision and monitoring of DOTs implementation, improved counseling service, mechanisms for lost to follow-up patients should be strengthen. Establish efficient referral and contact tracing mechanisms for transferred-out cases and document their treatment outcomes of status is also fundamental.

Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes and Its Predictors among Tuberculosis Patients Registered at Tefera Hailu Memorial General Hospital, Sekota Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study

“…In contrast to this study, previous studies reported that males were dominant, such as a study in Dessie [9], Goba [10], and Harar [11]. Te burden of TB was higher among the age groups of 15-29 and 30-44 years, with 28.4% and 31.7%, respectively, which was in agreement with the previous study in southern Ethiopia [13]. Tis might be indicating a negative infuence of TB on the socioeconomic state of society, particularly in lowincome countries.…”

Poor adult tuberculosis treatment outcome and associated factors in Gibe Woreda, Southern Ethiopia: An institution-based cross-sectional study

“…In the present study, sex was marginally associated with poor TB treatment outcomes where males were two times more likely to had poor TB treatment outcomes than females. This finding was in agreement with previous similar studies conducted elsewhere [1,11,15,27]. This might be due to a relatively higher exposure of males to cigarette smoking, traveling a long distance for economic reasons and alcohol consumption as compared to females.…”

“…The level of poor TB treatment outcomes observed in this study was 14.5%. This was comparable to findings from similar studies in southern Ethiopia, 14.8% in Dilla Town [14], and PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 17.5% in Wolayta Sodo [15]. A systematic review and meta-analysis on TB treatment outcomes in Ethiopia that included studies published between 2003 and 2016 reported a 16.3% poor TB treatment outcome at a national level [9].…”

“…Previous research indicated different factors associated with poor TB treatment outcomes. These included: socioeconomic and demographic variables (age, sex, residence, low income, limited access to transport, distance from home to the treatment centre, and limited social support) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Clinical factors (type of tuberculosis, TB/HIV comorbidity, previous tuberculosis treatment, multidrug resistance), healthcare and environmental-related factors (year of registration, higher annual mean temperature per degree Celsius and health centre as a treatment access point), and individual factors (not knowing the HIV status, pre-treatment weight, and poor knowledge about TB) were factors previously identified to have associated with poor treatment outcomes [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study

“…A study conducted from a teaching and referral hospital in Wolayta Sodo, Ethiopia, reported similar findings. 39 However, studies in Ethiopia and abroad reported that undernutrition, 31 , 33 HIV infection, 21 , 26 and history of anti-TB drug use 40 were risk factors for unsuccessful treatment outcomes such as treatment failure and death. In the present study, there were a considerable number of patients with unknown HIV and BMI status, which may have underestimated the frequency of HIV infection and BMI, respectively.…”