Tuberculosis Transmission in Households and Classrooms of Adolescent Cases Compared to the Community in China

Pan, Dongxiang; Lin, Min; Lan, Rushu; Graviss, Edward A.; Lin, Dingwen; Liang, Dan; Long, Xi; Qin, Huifang; Huang, Liwen; Huang, Minying; Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi

doi:10.3390/ijerph15122803

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It is not surprising, therefore, that the adolescent age group made up almost a quarter of the TB cases seen in our study. Adolescents may acquire TB either at home or from school [29] [30], most importantly, a previous study showed that having an index adolescent TB case in the classroom significantly increased the risk of classmates contacting active TB [30]. What this means is that our adolescent TB patients acted like a reservoir for the transmission of the disease in their schools, supporting the inclusion of schools in TB screening programmes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Alex-Hart¹,

Paul²

2019

JTR

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Background: Despite the fact that Tuberculosis (TB) is preventable, treatable and curable, it has remained a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Identifying patterns of TB and its treatment outcome which is the aim of this study is relevant for TB control programmes. Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out over a three-month period from April-June 2019 at the directly observed treatment Short course (DOTS) clinic of the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Alex-Hart¹,

Paul²

2019

JTR

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“…A case-control study conducted in Ethiopia has shown that individuals that had a TB household member had an increased risk of developing TB by 3-fold [15]. Systematic TB contact tracing at the household level is not only an effective method to detect secondary cases of TB but the method is also an important epidemiologic tool to understand the transmission dynamics and prognostic factors of TB transmission in households [16,17]. Commonly used TB surveillance methods include a questionnaire survey, tuberculin skin test (TST) and chest imaging examination of household contacts of tuberculosis patients [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot and Cold Spot Areas of Household Tuberculosis Transmission in Southern China: Effects of Socio-Economic Status and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotypes

Cui

Lin

Chongsuvivatwong

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The aims of the study were: (1) compare sociodemographic characteristics among active tuberculosis (TB) cases and their household contacts in cold and hot spot transmission areas, and (2) quantify the influence of locality, genotype and potential determinants on the rates of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among household contacts of index TB cases. Parallel case-contact studies were conducted in two geographic areas classified as “cold” and “hot” spots based on TB notification and spatial clustering between January and June 2018 in Guangxi, China, using data from field contact investigations, whole genome sequencing, tuberculin skin tests (TSTs), and chest radiographs. Beijing family strains accounted for 64.6% of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains transmitted in hot spots, and 50.7% in cold spots (p-value = 0.02). The positive TST rate in hot spot areas was significantly higher than that observed in cold spot areas (p-value < 0.01). Living in hot spots (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.75, 95%, confidence interval (CI): 1.22, 2.50), Beijing family genotype (aOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.81), living in the same room with an index case (aOR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.49), travelling time from home to a medical facility (aOR = 4.78, 95% CI: 2.96, 7.72), history of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.13 3.62), and delay in diagnosis (aOR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.13, 5.80) were significantly associated with positive TST results among household contacts of TB cases. The findings of this study confirmed the strong transmissibility of the Beijing genotype family strains and this genotype’s important role in household transmission. We found that an extended traveling time from home to the medical facility was an important socioeconomic factor for Mtb transmission in the family. It is still necessary to improve the medical facility infrastructure and management, especially in areas with a high TB prevalence.

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“…To achieve the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy, systematic screening of contacts including children will be important. [3] Therefore, more epidemiological evidence is needed on the risk of infection and disease especially among populations at high risk, such as children, in order to guide future policy development for screening and preventive therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Clinico- Laboratory Profile of Tuberculosis in Children in Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar

Sah¹,

Giri²,

Niraula³

2019

J. Nepalgunj Med. College

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Introduction: Tuberculosis infection is very common, and it continues to be the major public health problem in Nepal. Published data about the epidemiology of TB in children is scarce in Nepal, though it is considered one of the most common causes of childhood morbidity in the country. Aims and objectives: To calculate the prevalence of tuberculosis in children aged 0-15 years and to study their clinico-laboratory profile. Methodology: This is a hospital based study conducted in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar over a period of one year. We analyzed 289 children aged 0-15 years suspected of having tuberculosis on clinical grounds and subjected to further screening tests. Results: Majority of the children were males and most of the children were 5-15 years of age. 15 of the cases were diagnosed as tuberculosis out of which one case was bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and be 5.2 %. Fever and cough were the most common clinical presentations and mantoux test and chest X-ray were most suggestive in majority of the cases. Conclusions: This study supports the use of history and thorough clinical examination and high index of clinical suspicion for diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis.

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Tuberculosis Transmission in Households and Classrooms of Adolescent Cases Compared to the Community in China

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Hot and Cold Spot Areas of Household Tuberculosis Transmission in Southern China: Effects of Socio-Economic Status and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotypes

Prevalence and Clinico- Laboratory Profile of Tuberculosis in Children in Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar

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