Tuberculosis surveillance in the South Australian Aboriginal community

Beilby, John; Reed, John P.; Baker, Jawdat Mamand ALhag; Wilson, KC; Sansbury, M; Antić, R; Robinson, Peter

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb136834.x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, the medical service resources in aboriginal areas are relatively deficient, leading to delays in treatment time. It should be noted that the mortality rate and incidence of TB are much greater in aboriginal communities than in non-aboriginal areas in Taiwan [ 19 , 21 - 24 ], and this may have an influence on prevention and treatment [ 25 ]. In contrast, being from abroad was found to be a significant protective factor for diagnosis delay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and treatment delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients identified using the Taiwan reporting enquiry system, 2002–2006

Lin¹,

Deng²,

Chou³

2009

BMC Public Health

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Background The tuberculosis reporting enquiry system was launched in Taiwan in 2001. Tuberculosis has been categorized as the third most important notifiable disease in Taiwan and the time required for reporting has been shortened to 7 days. Methods A total of 114,827 cases were reported using the Taiwan enquiry system between 2002 and 2006; of these, 26,027 (22.7%) were finally diagnosed as not being tuberculosis, 7,005 (8.2%) were diagnosed as extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and 3,677 (3.2%) were not a first-time diagnosis of tuberculosis, and these cases were hence excluded. Diagnosis time was defined as the length of time between the first medical examination (including chest radiography, sputum smear or sputum culture) to the diagnosis of PTB; treatment time was defined as the period from the diagnosis of PTB to the initiation of treatment. Using the cut-off at the 75 th percentile, a period of longer than 9 days was defined as a diagnosis delay and a period of longer than 2 days as a treatment delay . Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the risk factors associated with these delays. Results During the five-year study period, among the 78,118 new PTB patients reported in Taiwan, the mean diagnosis and treatment times were 12 and 5 days and the median times 1 day and 0 days, respectively. In total, 24.9% of the new PTB patients' diagnosis time delays were longer than 9 days and 20.3% of the patients' treatment time delays were longer than 2 days. The main factors associated with diagnosis delay included age, reporting year, living with family and a positive sputum culture ( p < 0.0001); the risk factors significantly associated with treatment delay were increased age, an aboriginal ethnic background, a positive sputum culture and diagnosis at a non-medical center ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion The Taiwan TB reporting enquiry system has successfully increased the confirmed PTB reporting rate from 64.4% to 71.5%. Greater age and a positive sputum culture were both found to significantly increase both diagnosis and treatment delays; treatment delay is also significantly affected by the patient having an aboriginal ethnic background and being diagnosed at a non-medical center.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and treatment delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients identified using the Taiwan reporting enquiry system, 2002–2006

Lin¹,

Deng²,

Chou³

2009

BMC Public Health

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“…The surveillance reports consistently demonstrate the higher TB burden for Indigenous Australians compared with the non-Indigenous Australian-born population. Fifteen records examine TB incidence, outbreaks or TB control with Indigenous Australians in the NT,16–22 24 104 105 northern NSW,23 25 northwest Western Australia106 107 and South Australia 108. One report published in 1975 is a comparison of manifestations of TB comparing Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians 109…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomedical health models is an organising theme. Of the 95 records, 82 described biomedical approaches to control of TB in Indigenous Australians 2 16–25 40 42 44 47–50 56–58 61–63 65–67 69–123. TB services have been controlled by non-Indigenous outsiders and have rarely been designed to meet the needs of Indigenous Australians resulting in the marginalisation of Indigenous Australians from TB programmes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 20th-century, sanatoria were used for non-Indigenous Australians but were not universally accessible to Indigenous Australians who were mostly segregated in missions and reserves where disease spread further 61. Although there were TB surveys of Indigenous Australians in the 1940s and 1950s, these primarily resulted in quantification of TB infection, not the delivery of TB treatment 63 104 106–109…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The missing voices of Indigenous Australians in the social, cultural and historical experiences of tuberculosis: a systematic and integrative review

et al. 2019

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IntroductionDisparities in tuberculosis (TB) rates exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations in many countries, including Australia. The social determinants of health are central to health inequities including disparities in TB rates. There are limitations in the dominant biomedical and epidemiological approaches to representing, understanding and addressing the unequal burden of TB for Indigenous peoples represented in the literature. This paper applies a social determinants of health approach and examines the structural, programmatic and historical causes of inequities for TB in Indigenous Australia.MethodsAboriginal Australians’ families in northern New South Wales who are affected by TB initiated this investigation. A systematic search of published literature was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and Informit ATSIhealth databases, the Australian Indigenous Health, InfoNet and Google. Ninety-five records published between 1885 and 2019 were categorised and graphed over time, inductively coded and thematically analysed.ResultsIndigenous Australians’ voices are scarce in the TB literature and absent in the development of TB policies and programmes. Epidemiological reports are descriptive and technical and avoid analysis of social processes involved in the perpetuation of TB. For Indigenous Australians, TB is more than a biomedical diagnosis and treatment; it is a consequence of European invasion and a contributor to dispossession and the ongoing fight for justice. The introduction and spread of TB has resulted in the stealing of lives, family, community and cultures for Indigenous Australians. Racist policies and practices predominate in the experiences of individuals and families as consequences of, and resulting in, ongoing structural and systematic exclusion.ConclusionDevelopment of TB policies and programmes requires reconfiguration. Space must be given for Indigenous Australians to lead, be partners and to have ownership of decisions about how to eliminate TB. Shared knowledge between Indigenous Australians, policy makers and service managers of the social practices and structures that generate TB disparity for Indigenous Australians is essential.A social determinant of health approach will shift the focus to the social structures that cause TB. Collaboration with Indigenous partners in research is critical, and use of methods that amplify Indigenous peoples' voices and reconfigure power relations in favour of Indigenous Australians in the process is required.

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“…Comparativamente, en aborígenes, se ha reportado una mayor incidencia en menores de 15 años y una menor incidencia en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes (Canadan Lung Association 2000:19;Canadian Tuberculosis Committeé 2002;Kunimoto et al 2004). Asimismo, entre los aborígenes -como suceden en poblaciones occidentales-la incidencia crece en adultos mayores (Beilby et al 1990). Para la Misión La Candelaria, el mayor número de muertes sucedió en el rango etario de 4-12 años (Fig.…”

Section: Muertes Totalesunclassified

Aproximación Epidemiológica Al Proceso De Contacto Interétnico en El Norte De Tierra Del Fuego

Casali¹,

Fugassa²,

Guichón³

2006

Magallania

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Tuberculosis surveillance in the South Australian Aboriginal community

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Diagnosis and treatment delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients identified using the Taiwan reporting enquiry system, 2002–2006

Diagnosis and treatment delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients identified using the Taiwan reporting enquiry system, 2002–2006

The missing voices of Indigenous Australians in the social, cultural and historical experiences of tuberculosis: a systematic and integrative review

Aproximación Epidemiológica Al Proceso De Contacto Interétnico en El Norte De Tierra Del Fuego

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