Tuberculosis of the kidney and the genitourinary tract – a review of the literature

Venyo, Anthony Kodzo-Grey; Venyo, Lucy Kodzo-Grey; Maloney, Douglas John Lindsay; Khan, Ali

doi:10.7707/hmj.476

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…These are the M. tuberculosis direct test (MTD) and the Amplicor M. tuberculosis test. These can detect directly from clinical samples offering better accuracy than AFB and greater speed than cultures [15]. The appropriateness of its use however remains to be determined as specificity and sensitivity reach 100% and 96%, respectively, in AFB positive smears but vary significantly in AFB smear-negative samples depending on the pretest probability [16].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most current guidelines recommend the same regimen for both pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary tuberculosis and studies on the latter are not as robust considering its relative rarity [19]. The treatment is for 6 months and results in a good clinical response [15]; it consists of 2 months of the intensive phase (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) followed by 4 months on two drugs (isoniazid and rifampicin) [4, 20]. Most series have reported a success rate of medical therapy to be approximately 95% [20].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Rare Manifestation of Tuberculosis Presenting in the United States

Bhatty

Waters

Wilka

et al. 2016

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

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A 64-year-old Bangladeshi female presented to her primary care physician with a tender right breast lump that had been present for 4-5 days along with subjective fevers and malaise. Initial biopsy revealed granulomas, but Ziehl-Neelsen and Gram stain were negative for TB so antibiotics were prescribed for abscess until culture came positive for tuberculosis. She was started on triple therapy for extrapulmonary tuberculosis, an exceedingly rare presentation that requires high clinical suspicion in the Western world.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Manifestation of Tuberculosis Presenting in the United States

Bhatty

Waters

Wilka

et al. 2016

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

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“…The infection can affect any organ and mimic other illnesses; hence it is called the great mimicker [ 1 – 3 ]. Globally, no country has ever been able to eradicate Tb [ 2 , 4 ]. Tb of the penis is an uncommon presentation of Tb, even in countries where the incidence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary Tb is high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis of the Penis: A Review of the Literature

Venyo

2015

Scientifica

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Background. Tuberculosis of the penis (TBP) is rare. Aim. To review the literature. Method. Various internet data bases were searched. Literature Review. TBP could be primary or secondary, may develop following circumcision performed by a person who had pulmonary Tb, and may be transmitted to the penis from ejaculation, contamination from clothing, or from contact with endometrial secretions, following an earlier pulmonary Tb or Tb elsewhere. TBP presents with a painless/painful small nodule, ulcer, mass on penis which gradually enlarges, and induration/swelling of penis, with or without erectile dysfunction. Inguinal lymph nodes may or may not be palpable. The patient's voiding is normal. There may or may not be history of circumcision, pulmonary Tb, and BCG immunization. TBP mimics penile carcinoma, granulomatous syphilis penile ulcer, genital herpes simplex, granuloma inguinale, and HIV infection. Diagnosis is established by microscopic examination finding of granulomas +/−AFB in penile discharge or biopsy of lesion or culture of Tb organism from discharge or biopsy specimens or positive Elisa serology/PCR for Tb. PTBs respond to first- or 2nd-line anti-Tb 6-month treatment. Close contacts should be screened. Extrapulmonary Tb should be excluded. Conclusions. Clinicians should consider possibility of PTB in cases of penile lesions and erectile failure.

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Serologic and urinary characteristics of laboratory-confirmed genitourinary tuberculosis at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines

Villanueva

2021

BMC Urol

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Background Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) is known to cause high rates of structural organ damage, however, literature on its biochemical manifestations is limited. Additionally, local studies in the Philippine setting, where cases are rampant, are few and dated. This study aimed to determine the serologic and urinary profile of patients with GUTB admitted at a tertiary hospital within January 2009 to March 2020 and their association with short-term outcomes. Methods This retrospective study included 112 patients with laboratory-confirmed GUTB (i.e., positivity in acid-fast smear, polymerase chain reaction, culture, or histology). Demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiologic findings, histopathology reports, treatment, and short-term outcomes were recorded. Results Bladder (54.5%) and kidney (36.4%) were the most affected organs. The male:female ratio was 1:1.15, and the mean age was 35.79 ± 18.29 years. Weakness (14.29%) was the most common chief complaint. A majority presented with anemia (83.04%), while several had leukocytosis (41.96%) and thrombocytosis (26.79%). Hypoalbuminemia (58.10%), impairment of renal function (36.94%), and electrolyte abnormalities such as hyponatremia (50.93%), hypercalcemia (20.19%), and hypokalemia (21.82%) were common. Proteinuria (67.96%) and pyuria (67.96%) were the most frequent abnormal findings, followed by hematuria (51.46%), acidic urine (45.63%) and low specific gravity (31.07%). Age, leukocytosis, and the need for pressors were all significantly associated with mortality (p values of <0.001, 0.010, and <0.001, respectively). Conclusions The young age at presentation with severe clinical and laboratory manifestations may reflect local epidemiology as TB continues to be widespread in the country. Apart from the more commonly cited abnormalities in literature, multiple electrolyte imbalances and urinary concentration defects were also observed in many cases, possibly indicating tubulointerstitial involvement—a complication increasingly mentioned in case reports. As several patient characteristics were found to be associated with the high mortality rates observed in the study, further research is recommended to explore predictive modeling.

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Tuberculosis of the kidney and the genitourinary tract – a review of the literature

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

A Rare Manifestation of Tuberculosis Presenting in the United States

A Rare Manifestation of Tuberculosis Presenting in the United States

Tuberculosis of the Penis: A Review of the Literature

Serologic and urinary characteristics of laboratory-confirmed genitourinary tuberculosis at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines

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