Tuberculosis of the Central Nervous System in Children: a 20-Year Survey

Farinha, N.J.; Razali, Kamarul Azahar Mohd; Holzel, Helen; Morgan, Gabrielle; Novelli, Vas

doi:10.1053/jinf.2000.0692

Cited by 191 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Children with TBM often present with fever, stiff neck, seizures, and abdominal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting (57,246). Headache occurs less often than in adults.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wallgren et al determined that TBM in children develops most often within 3 months of primary tuberculosis infection (as cited in reference 49). A family history of tuberculosis can be identified in approximately 50 to 60% of children, and a positive tuberculin skin test is found in approximately 30 to 50% (57,246). In children particularly, there appears to be a close association with disseminated (miliary) tuberculosis, which some have postulated is due to the fact that the robust hematogenous dissemination increases the likelihood that a Rich focus will develop and ultimately rupture (49).…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects

et al. 2008

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SUMMARY Tuberculosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is a highly devastating form of tuberculosis, which, even in the setting of appropriate antitubercular therapy, leads to unacceptable levels of morbidity and mortality. Despite the development of promising molecular diagnostic techniques, diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis relies largely on microbiological methods that are insensitive, and as such, CNS tuberculosis remains a formidable diagnostic challenge. Insights into the basic neuropathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the development of an appropriate animal model are desperately needed. The optimal regimen and length of treatment are largely unknown, and with the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, the development of well-tolerated and effective antibiotics remains a continued need. While the most widely used vaccine in the world largely targets this manifestation of tuberculosis, the BCG vaccine has not fulfilled the promise of eliminating CNS tuberculosis. We put forth this review to highlight the current understanding of the neuropathogenesis of M. tuberculosis, to discuss certain epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of CNS tuberculosis, and also to underscore the many unmet needs in this important field.

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“…Children with TBM often present with fever, stiff neck, seizures, and abdominal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting (57,246). Headache occurs less often than in adults.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects

et al. 2008

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“…Children are among the subjects who most frequently suffer from TBM due to their relative inability to contain primary mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the lung (4). Tuberculous meningitis is a devastating disease with about 30% mortality in the most severe forms; moreover, 50% of survivors have neurological sequelae, despite apparently adequate administration of antibiotics (5). Tuberculous meningitis develops in two steps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculous Meningitis in Two-Year-Old Male Boy: Evidence of Recent Transmission from Mother to Baby

Patil¹,

Nagargoje²,

Choudhary³

2017

Respir Case Rep

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Tuberculous (TB) meningitis is the commonest infectious disease of central nervous system in pediatric and geriatric cases. Tuberculosis can be prevented in children by diagnosing and treating cases of active TB amongst adults, as pediatric cases always acquire it passively from household contact of adults suffering from TB as disease in adults is multibacillary. Although significant data is available for the prevention of childhood extra-pulmonary and disseminated TB, offering them Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, it is still not routinely offered during vaccination. In this case report, a two-year child with a history of failure to thrive and constitutional symptoms diagnosed with disseminated extra-pulmonary TB presenting as TB meningitis with a history of contact with the mother suffering from active sputum positive pulmonary TB receiving anti-TB treatment. In conclusion, we recommend BCG vaccination to all newborns, and tuberculin skin testing and isoniazid prophylaxis to the contact of adults with sputum positive pulmonary TB cases in India. ÖzetTüberküloz menenjit, pediatrik ve geriatrik olgularda en sık görülen santral sinir sistemi enfeksiyonudur. Pediatrik olgular, basil yayan erişkin tüberküloz hastaları ile yakın temas sonucu hasta oldukları için aktif erişkin tüberküloz olgularının tanı ve tedavilerinin yapılması ile çocukların bu hastalıktan korunması mümkün olabilir. Çocukluk çağında yapılan BCG aşılanması ile akciğer dışı ve yaygın tüberkülozdan çocukların korunduklarına dair anlamlı veriler bulunmasına rağmen, halen aşılama rutin olarak yapılma-maktadır. Bu olgu sunumunda, gelişme geriliği ve konstitüsyonel semptomları olan ve yaygın akciğer dışı tüberkülozun menenjit formunda ortaya çıktığı, iki yaşındaki çocuk sunulmuştur. Çocuğun tüberküloz yakın teması olarak annesinin yayma pozitif akciğer tüberkülozu olduğu ve antitüberküloz tedavi aldığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Hindistan'da, tüm yeni doğanlara BCG aşısı yapılmasını ve yayma pozitif akciğer tüberkülozlu erişkinlerin temaslılarının tüber-külin testinin yapılarak isoniyazid proflaksisine alın-masını tavsiye ediyoruz.Anahtar Sözcükler: Tüberküloz menenjit, BCG aşısı, isoniyazid, tüberkülin deri testi, anneden çocuğa bulaşma.

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“…14,15,16 CT helps in recognising features suggestive of CNS tuberculosis like basal enhancement, tuberculoma and identifying complications of TBM including infarction and hydrocephalus. 8,17,18,19 The common triad of CT findings in TBM are:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of CT Findings in children with neurotuberculosis

Alva

2014

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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Tuberculosis of the Central Nervous System in Children: a 20-Year Survey

Cited by 191 publications

References 27 publications

Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects

Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects

Tuberculous Meningitis in Two-Year-Old Male Boy: Evidence of Recent Transmission from Mother to Baby

A Study of CT Findings in children with neurotuberculosis

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