Tuberculosis of the calcaneus in children

Chater, Lamiae; Arroud, Mounir; Afifi, Moulay Abderrahmane

doi:10.1016/j.ijmyco.2013.12.003

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The literature review of the past 10 years shows that Male: Female is 3:1. [4,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The disease duration varied from 1 to 24 months. The side involvement does not show much difference in involvement with Left: Right; 1.27:1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcaneum tuberculosis – A rare entity: Case report and review of literature

Choudhary¹,

Saxena

Chouhan³

et al. 2023

JMSR

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Calcaneum tuberculosis (TB) is a rare entity, though it is the commonly involved tarsal bone. It does not present with the typical features of TB and can be confused with other pathologies affecting the heel. Very few case reports and case series studies are present to date for describing this rare entity. We report a 23-year-old female who presented to the orthopedic outpatient clinic with pain and swelling around the left heel and posterior aspect of the ankle for 3 months. Her radiograph showed a lytic lesion in the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneum. Therefore, magnetic resonance imaging was done, which showed a lesion around the posterior-superior aspect of the calcaneum with the involvement of retrocalcaneal bursa. An incisional biopsy was performed, followed by en bloc excision of the lesion. The histopathological examination report suggested granuloma formation with caseous necrosis and the cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test was also positive for mycobacterial TB infection. Proper clinical history, radiological examination, and biopsy are of utmost importance in these rare entities as they help in making the definitive diagnosis. Anti-Koch treatment is an effective treatment for TB, and the patient improved within 2 months of treatment both clinically (pain, swelling, and activity of daily routine) and radiologically (for bone formation and no recurrence). This report aimed to present a lytic lesion of the calcaneum that turned out to be TB and its management. The follow-up was 18 months post-surgery and showed no signs and symptoms of recurrence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the studies tabulated above show the involvement of the calcaneal body mainly and in few cases, show the involvement of the anterior process (three patients) and [12] tuberosity (seven patients). [19,20,22] The most common symptoms noted were pain with weight bearing and swelling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcaneum tuberculosis – A rare entity: Case report and review of literature

Choudhary¹,

Saxena

Chouhan³

et al. 2023

JMSR

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“…It accounts for 10–35% of pediatric extrapulmonary TB. The lesions can develop more than 10 years after the initial infection and occur primary in older children, particularly during the first two decades of life [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis of the Left Calcaneum and Collapsed Right Femoral Head: A Case Report

Bikoroti¹,

Buteera²,

Manirakiza³

et al. 2021

JOCR

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Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans, is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease usually affects the lungs, although, in up to one-third of cases, other organs are involved. TB of the bone mimics other clinical conditions such as chronic osteomyelitis, Madura mycosis and actinomycosis. Case Report: A fifth child and last-born girl, in a family of living four children, aged 9 years, consulted Kigali University Teaching Hospital (CHUK) on December 7, 2017, from Kibuye Referral Hospital (Western of Rwanda) for ulcerated, infected left heel with swollen foot 4 months before our consultation. Physical examination revealed a patient with swollen and tender foot discharging serous bloody fluids accompanied by inability to stand with a painful right hip. Small left inguinal lymph nodes were present. Blood work-up, computed tomography scan of the left foot, and an incisional biopsy at the level of the left calcaneus were performed and revealed extrapulmonary TB. The histopathological features for TB were scanty, but the high index suspicion of possible extrapulmonary TB led to the confirmation of the diagnosis using auramine-rhodamine special stain. Anti-TB therapy for 12 months course was initiated and the monthly follow-up for 11 months was done. Conclusion: Although calcaneal TB is very rare, in countries with high incidence of TB, clinicians must have a high suspicion index and skeletal TB must be included in differential diagnosis of bone masses whenever possible bone mass biopsy and special staining technique in addition to most common diagnosis means should be done to rule out the possibility of bone TB. Keywords: Calcaneus, tuberculosis, Rwanda.

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“…On evaluating the literature, the number of reported cases involving the calcaneus was 88 out of 312 cases of foot TB (table 2). 2 7–23 The high incidence of calcaneal involvement could probably be due to the fact that it is the biggest and most vascular bone of the foot, and is subjected to the maximum strains of the primary contact to the ground.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubercular involvement of the lateral malleolus and adjacent calcaneus: presentation of a rare case and review of the literature

et al. 2019

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Osteoarticular tuberculosis (TB), despite being on the wane in the developed world, stays a problem of significance in the developing world. The issue is compounded by unusual presentations, inadequate diagnostic skills and limited understanding of its management. For foot infections, despite an increased awareness, many patients may be misdiagnosed, with associated treatment delays. A 19-year-old man presented with pain and swelling on lateral aspect of right ankle for 2 months. The patient had an undermined discharging sinus with surrounding induration and the skin adherent to the underlying bone. Patient was diagnosed as a case of ipsilateral TB lateral malleolus and calcaneus, managed with antitubercular drugs with complete resolution at 3 years of follow up. Foot and ankle TB can have atypical presentations causing delay in diagnosis. Contiguous spread of infection occurs through the synovium or the joint; however, extra-articular spread along the tendon sheaths or other soft tissues is possible, which is highlighted by the present case.

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Tuberculosis of the calcaneus in children

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Calcaneum tuberculosis – A rare entity: Case report and review of literature

Calcaneum tuberculosis – A rare entity: Case report and review of literature

Tuberculosis of the Left Calcaneum and Collapsed Right Femoral Head: A Case Report

Tubercular involvement of the lateral malleolus and adjacent calcaneus: presentation of a rare case and review of the literature

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