Tuberculosis-like pneumonias by the aerobic actinomycetes Rhodococcus, Tsukamurella and Gordonia

Savini, Vincenzo; Fazii, Paolo; Favaro, Marco; D, Astolfi; Polilli, Ennio; Pompilio, Arianna; Vannucci, Mariangela; D’Amario, Claudio; Bonaventura, Giovanni Di; Fontana, Carla; D’Antonio, Domenico

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2011.11.014

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…En los últimos años se ha descrito como patóge-no oportunista, produciendo infección en inmunodeprimidos y se considera agente causal de bacteriemias, endocarditis, artritis sépticas, infecciones respiratorias 1 , del SNC, urinarias, osteomielitis, peritonitis en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal, infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos, endoftalmitis e infecciones protésicas 2 , entre otras. Es un agente infrecuente de infección del tracto respiratorio inferior y su aislamiento en muestras respiratorias debe ser evaluado con precaución 10 , diferenciando si se trata de un contaminante o del agente causal de la enfermedad 11 . Siempre que la situación lo requiera, se recomienda disponer de un cultivo de broncoscopia (BAS o lavado broncoalveolar 5 ) por su mayor valor diagnóstico.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Bilateral bronchopneumonia due to Rothia mucilaginosa

Yangüela

Gutiérrez

Tello

et al. 2017

An Sist Sanit Navar

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REsUMEnRothia mucilaginosa (R. mucilaginosa), antiguamente denominada Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, es un coco Gram positivo capsulado, anaerobio facultativo, que forma parte de la flora orofaríngea normal y raramente se considera patógeno en pacientes inmunocompetentes, aunque puede producir, de forma poco habitual, infecciones graves como bacteriemias, endocarditis e infecciones respiratorias: neumonías, empiemas pleurales o sobreinfección de bronquiectasias.Presentamos el caso de un varón de 74 años diagnosticado de neumonía basal derecha de evolución tór-pida con mala respuesta inicial a diversos antibióticos, con empeoramiento clínico y radiológico y aparición de bronconeumonia bilateral con imágenes pseudonodulares. En 3 cultivos de esputos y en broncoaspirado se aisló R. mucilaginosa en cultivo puro. Finalmente fue tratado con Linezolid con buena respuesta clínica y normalización de la radiografía de tórax, comprobando la desaparición de R. mucilaginosa en posteriores cultivos de esputos.Existen pocos casos documentados de neumonía por R. mucilaginosa por lo que consideramos de interés presentar éste.Palabras clave. Rothia mucilaginosa. Bronconeumonía. Nódulos pulmonares. Linezolid. aBstRactRothia mucilaginosa (R. mucilaginosa), formerly named Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, is a facultatively anaerobic, encapsulated gram-positive coccus, which forms part of the normal oropharyngeal and is rarely considered to be a pathogen in immunocompetent patients, although it can produce, on rare occasions, serious infections like bacteremia, endocarditis and respiratory infections; such as pneumonia, pleural empyema or superinfection of bronchiectasis.We present the case of a 74-year-old male diagnosed with right basal pneumonia of torpid evolution with poor initial response to different antibiotics, with clinical and radiological worsening and the appearance of bilateral bronchopneumonia with pseudonodular images. R. mucilaginosa in pure culture was isolated in three sputum cultures and in bronchial suction. The patient was finally treated with Linezolid with good clinical response and normalisation of the thorax radiography, confirming the disappearance of R. mucilaginosa in subsequent sputum cultures.As there are few documented cases of pneumonia due to R. mucilaginosa, we believe that presenting this case will be of interest.

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“…Además, las neumonías por Rothia pueden presentar cavitaciones, a menudo con mayor gravedad del cuadro, y obligan a plantear diagnóstico diferencial con otros procesos como la tuberculosis 11 . Ramos y col 4 destacan entre las infecciones pulmonares causadas por R. mucilaginosa, bronquiectasias sobreinfectadas, empiemas, neumonías y bronquitis.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Bilateral bronchopneumonia due to Rothia mucilaginosa

Yangüela

Gutiérrez

Tello

et al. 2017

An Sist Sanit Navar

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“…Together with other mycolic acid-producing genera, including Mycobacterium, Millisia, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Williamsia, Rhodococcus, and Gordonia, they are often referred to collectively as the mycolata, a group of organisms whose mycolic acids render their cells highly hydrophobic (9,10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Three of a Kind: Genetically Similar Tsukamurella Phages TIN2, TIN3, and TIN4

Dyson

Tucci

Seviour

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bThree Tsukamurella phages, TIN2, TIN3, and TIN4, were isolated from activated sludge treatment plants located in Victoria, Australia, using conventional enrichment techniques. Illumina and 454 whole-genome sequencing of these Siphoviridae viruses revealed that they had similar genome sequences, ranging in size between 76,268 bp and 76,964 bp. All three phages shared 74% nucleotide sequence identity to the previously described Gordonia phage GTE7. Genome sequencing suggested that phage TIN3 had suffered a mutation in one of its lysis genes compared to the sequence of phage TIN4, to which it is genetically very similar. Mass spectroscopy data showed the unusual presence of a virion structural gene in the DNA replication module of phage TIN4, disrupting the characteristic modular genome architecture of Siphoviridae phages. All three phages appeared highly virulent on strains of Tsukamurella inchonensis and Tsukamurella paurometabola. The genus Tsukamurella contains Gram-positive organisms in the Corynebacteriales (1) and currently includes 11 species (2). Members of this genus are strictly aerobic and weakly/variably acid-fast, nonmotile, non-spore-forming organisms whose cell envelopes contain long-chain unsaturated mycolic acids (3-8).Together with other mycolic acid-producing genera, including Mycobacterium, Millisia, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Williamsia, Rhodococcus, and Gordonia, they are often referred to collectively as the mycolata, a group of organisms whose mycolic acids render their cells highly hydrophobic (9, 10).The high hydrophobicity and the biosurfactants produced by the mycolata implicate them as stabilizing agents of foams in activated sludge plants (9, 11). Several Tsukamurella species including T. spumae (12), T. sunchonensis (13), and T. pseudospumae (12) have been isolated from these foams. Stable foams complicate sludge management, have a negative impact on plant esthetics, and increase maintenance costs (9).Several opportunistic Tsukamurella pathogens are known to exist, thus posing a potential health hazard to plant operators from aerosol foam dispersal (9). Thomas et al. (14) proposed that a phage therapy biocontrol approach might be an attractive option for treating this global operational problem and successfully isolated 17 phages infective for foaming mycolata from Australian wastewater treatment plants. More mycolata phages have been isolated and described since then (15-21). Among them is the TPA2 phage, infective for members of the genus Tsukamurella (15).As of March 2015, genomes of 228 phages infective for members of the closely related genus Mycobacterium have been sequenced. To better understand their genomics, Hatfull et al. (22) devised a clustering system that claimed to reveal insights into their evolutionary interrelationships. In this system, TPA2 phage would be placed into their cluster B as its genome organization is similar to that of the Mycobacterium phage Rosebush (15). Despite this similarity between TPA2 and Mycobacterium phages, little else is known about the exte...

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“…However, the risk of contamination is higher for liquid culture due to the presence of mycobacterium species in water. 48 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an alternative testing method using a DNA amplification technique. 49 The progress to active disease from latency as compared to the general population.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…160 For these reasons, the reliance on microbiological findings must be carefully considered alongside clinical and radiological. abscessus, noting that ATS/IDSA criteria cannot be applied to other species of NTM because there is not enough data to confirm a similar infectious process for all species of NTM.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cost of care for hospitalized patients with pulmonary mycobacterial diseases in the United States.

Allen¹

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Tuberculosis-like pneumonias by the aerobic actinomycetes Rhodococcus, Tsukamurella and Gordonia

Cited by 41 publications

References 59 publications

Bilateral bronchopneumonia due to Rothia mucilaginosa

Bilateral bronchopneumonia due to Rothia mucilaginosa

Three of a Kind: Genetically Similar Tsukamurella Phages TIN2, TIN3, and TIN4

Cost of care for hospitalized patients with pulmonary mycobacterial diseases in the United States.

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