Tuberculosis in Children

Marais, Ben J.; Schaaf, H. Simon

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a017855

Cited by 76 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Among new and relapse cases; 4% of them were under 15 years old (1). Abdominal TB is mostly seen in patients aged between 25 and 45 years, and relatively uncommon in children (10,21). Lack of the diagnostic tests and challenges in the setting of the diagnosis may be the factors of the low incidence of abdominal TB in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Presentation in a Series of Eight Children with Abdominal Tuberculosis: Experience of a Single-Center in Turkey

et al. 2017

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Background: Abdominal tuberculosis, the sixth commonest extrapulmanory tuberculosis, is easily misdiagnosed due to nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. The diagnosis is highly dependent on clinician's suspicion of the disease; therefore to increase awareness we retrospectively reviewed clinical features of eight children in a four year-period. Methods: The medical records of children with abdominal TB were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of abdominal TB was defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of gastrointestinal tract along with peritoneal or solid organ involvement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Presentation in a Series of Eight Children with Abdominal Tuberculosis: Experience of a Single-Center in Turkey

et al. 2017

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“…TREATMENT Children with TB, even those with drug-resistant disease, usually have an excellent clinical outcome if diagnosed in a timely fashion and treated appropriately [70]. However, it is very difficult to assess the outcome and efficacy of any regimen for treatment of TB in children because they rarely have positive sputum and gastric washings and hence scientific studies are scarce.…”

Section: Extrapulmonary Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…TST may be nonreactive in 40% of cases. TB therapy should be initiated in any child with basilar meningitis and hydrocephalus or cranial nerve involvement that has no other apparent cause [8,70].…”

Section: Extrapulmonary Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Tuberculosis

Faddoul

2015

Advances in Pediatrics

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“…(1-2%) (Marais and Schaaf, 2014). The younger the child, the higher the risk of TB dissemination, increasing the risk of serious sequelae or mortality for infected children (Marais and Schaaf, 2014).…”

Section: Neonatal Animal Models In Tb Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal and infant immunity for tuberculosis vaccine development: importance of age-matched animal models

Ramos

Lunney

Gonzalez-Juarrero

2020

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

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Neonatal and infant immunity differs from that of adults in both the innate and adaptive arms, which are critical contributors to immune-mediated clearance of infection and memory responses elicited during vaccination. The tuberculosis (TB) research community has openly admitted to a vacuum of knowledge about neonatal and infant immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, especially in the functional and phenotypic attributes of memory T cell responses elicited by the only available vaccine for TB, the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Although BCG vaccination has variable efficacy in preventing pulmonary TB during adolescence and adulthood, 80% of endemic TB countries still administer BCG at birth because it has a good safety profile and protects children from severe forms of TB. As such, new vaccines must work in conjunction with BCG at birth and, thus, it is essential to understand how BCG shapes the immune system during the first months of life. However, many aspects of the neonatal and infant immune response elicited by vaccination with BCG remain unknown, as only a handful of studies have followed BCG responses in infants. Furthermore, most animal models currently used to study TB vaccine candidates rely on adult-aged animals. This presents unique challenges when transitioning to human trials in neonates or infants. In this Review, we focus on vaccine development in the field of TB and compare the relative utility of animal models used thus far to study neonatal and infant immunity. We encourage the development of neonatal animal models for TB, especially the use of pigs.

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Tuberculosis in Children

Cited by 76 publications

References 72 publications

Clinical Presentation in a Series of Eight Children with Abdominal Tuberculosis: Experience of a Single-Center in Turkey

Clinical Presentation in a Series of Eight Children with Abdominal Tuberculosis: Experience of a Single-Center in Turkey

Childhood Tuberculosis

Neonatal and infant immunity for tuberculosis vaccine development: importance of age-matched animal models

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