Tuberculosis in children: a 13-year follow up of 1714 patients in a Belgian home care centre

Toppet, Michèle; Malfroot, Anne; Hofman, Barbara; Casimir, Georges; Cantraine, Francis; Dab, I.

doi:10.1007/bf01955934

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Standard multidrug TB regimens are remarkably well tolerated among pediatric patients, with adverse drug reactions necessitating modification of chemotherapy noted in only 1–3% of children [39], [41]–[43]. In a recent systematic review, Donald reported rates of elevated hepatic transaminases consistently lower in children on multidrug intensive phase therapy (8–10%) than adults (11–35%), with clinically evident drug induced hepatotoxicity in only 0.22–1.3% of children [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Tuberculosis in Northern Viet Nam: A Review of 103 Cases

et al. 2014

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BackgroundChildhood tuberculosis causes significant morbidity and mortality in Southeast Asia, yet little is known about the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of this disease in Viet Nam.ObjectivesTo determine the demographics, clinical presentations, radiographic and microbiologic findings, treatment regimens, and outcomes of children admitted with tuberculosis (TB) to a national referral hospital in Viet Nam.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case series study of children ≤ 15 years old with bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed TB admitted to a national referral hospital in Ha Noi, Viet Nam from January through December 2007.ResultsOne hundred three children were identified: median age 5 years (IQR 2-10), 44% female, 99% Kinh ethnicity, 27% residing in Ha Noi, 88% with BCG vaccination, 27% with known TB contact, and 38% malnourished. Intrathoracic TB was present in 62%, extrathoracic in 52%, both intra and extrathoracic in 19%, and undetermined site in 5%. The most common extrathoracic manifestation was peripheral lymphadenitis, and children under 5 were more likely to have miliary TB or both intra and extrathoracic TB. Fever and failure to thrive were common presenting symptoms among all participants (65% and 56%, respectively), 66% of those with intrathoracic TB presented with cough, and 92% of those with TB meningitis presented with severe neurologic impairment. Acid-fast bacilli smears and mycobacterial cultures were positive in 18% and 21% of children tested, and histopathology was positive in 88% of those biopsied. There were no adverse drug reactions necessitating change in therapy, and no inpatient mortality.ConclusionsExtrathoracic TB was common, treatment well tolerated and clinical outcomes excellent. Culture confirmation rates were low and emphasize the need for improved diagnostics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Tuberculosis in Northern Viet Nam: A Review of 103 Cases

et al. 2014

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“…160,171,172,186–191 In two studies LFT were regularly evaluated in 1406 children; 187,189 AST and /or ALT levels were increased in 139 (9.9%). Jaundice occurred in five (0.22%).…”

Section: Hepatotoxicity Of Antituberculosis Agents In Children Treatementioning

confidence: 99%

Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Children

Donald

2011

Pediatric Reports

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Recent increases in the dosages of the essential antituberculosis agents isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), pyrazinamide (PZA) for use in children recommended by World Health Organization have raised concerns regarding the risk of hepatotoxicity. Published data relating to the incidence and pathogenesis of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ADIH), particularly in children, is reviewed. Amongst 12,708 children receiving chemoprophylaxis, mainly with INH, but also other combinations of INH, RMP and PZA only 1 case (0.06%) of jaundice was recorded and abnormal liver functions documented in 110 (8%) of the 1225 children studied. Excluding tuberculous meningitis (TBM) 8984 were children treated for tuberculosis disease and jaundice documented in 75 (0.83%) and abnormal liver function tests in 380 (9.9%) of the 3855 children evaluated. Amongst 717 children treated for TBM, however, jaundice occurred in 72 (10.8%) and abnormal LFT were recorded in 174 (52.9%) of those studied. Case reports document the occurrence of ADIH in at least 63 children. Signs and symptoms of ADIH were frequently ignored in the recorded cases. ADIH can occur in children at any age or at any dosage of INH, RMP or PZA, but the incidence of.ADIH is is considerably lower in children than in adults. Children with disseminated forms of disease are at greater risk of ADIH. The use of the higher dosages of INH, RMP and PZA recently recommended by WHO is unlikely to result in a greater risk of ADIH in children.

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“…Gastric lavage may also yield M . tuberculosis, but only in a small number of children: Toppet et al (20) found M. tuberculosis by this method in 15% of children with TB and in up to 41% in a subgroup of symptomatic cases.…”

Section: (I) a Routine Mantoux Test Among All Children Aged 12mentioning

confidence: 97%

Epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis in the Ashkelon region in Israel, 1958–1994

et al. 1997

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The incidence rates of tuberculosis (TB) in Israel decreased steadily up to 1984, but rose again between 1985 and 1991, mainly due to immigration waves from Ethiopia. The epidemiology of TB in children was surveyed in the Ashkelon region. The regional TB register of Barzilai Medical Centre, kept since 1958, was used as the source for our data. Two hundred and fifty TB cases in children were reported between 1958 and 1994, constituting 9.7% of the total 2565 cases reported in the whole population of Israel's southern Mediterranean coast. While in the late 1950s and early 1960s the majority of reported cases occurred in children of North African origin, reflecting the large wave of immigration from North Africa at that time, in 1985-94 at the time of the Ethiopian immigration wave, Ethiopian children constituted the majority of the patients. They were diagnosed up to 9 years after arrival. None of the reported cases was HIV-positive.

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Tuberculosis in children: a 13-year follow up of 1714 patients in a Belgian home care centre

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Childhood Tuberculosis in Northern Viet Nam: A Review of 103 Cases

Childhood Tuberculosis in Northern Viet Nam: A Review of 103 Cases

Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Children

Epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis in the Ashkelon region in Israel, 1958–1994

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