Tuberculosis Control Among People in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Custody

Schneider, Diana L.; Lobato, Mark N.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.044

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…18 In 2004 and 2005, respectively, 76 and 142 cases of TB were reported among ICE detainees, representing estimated case rates (of 83 and 122/100,000 people) 6 that were 4-6 times higher than the overall case rate among foreign-born people in the U.S., 12 highlighting the importance of effective TB control in this population. Most forms of TB require 6-9 months of treatment, 19 but ICE detainees with TB disease receive an average of 2.5 months (83 days) 6 of treatment and, before release or deportation, are given a two-week supply of medications, along with education about self-administration during the transition period in the receiving country. 20 However, if lost to follow-up, these cases represent missed opportunities in TB control, because the patients involved may be at increased risk for TB-related morbidity, including developing drugresistant TB because of treatment interruptions 8 and, as this outbreak demonstrated, for spreading the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, when routine intake screening identifies detainees with TB disease, they begin treatment but can subsequently be deported (or released) once their TB is no longer considered contagious, even if treatment remains incomplete. [5][6][7] Because these people are typically highly mobile, they are at risk for treatment interruption and loss to follow-up. 5 Further, their likely return to the U.S. can lead to TB reimportation, including with drug-resistant strains, placing communities at risk for TB exposure.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Tuberculosis Outbreak Fueled by Cross-Border Travel and Illicit Substances: Nevada and Arizona

et al. 2014

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Objectives. From May 2006 to August 2008, the Southern Nevada Health District identified eight tuberculosis (TB) cases in six adults and two children in a Hispanic community. We conducted an outbreak investigation to determine the extent of TB transmission and prevent additional cases.Methods. We investigated TB cases in Nevada and Arizona with the outbreak genotype or cases with suspected epidemiologic links to this cluster but without genotyping data. We reviewed medical records and interviewed patients and contacts. Subsequently, genotype surveillance was conducted for approximately four years to monitor additional outbreak-related cases.Results. Eight outbreak cases were identified among six adults and two children. All patients were Hispanic and five were U.S.-born. The index patient was diagnosed while detained in Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody but deported before treatment completion. He was lost to follow-up for two years, during which time he served as the source for six secondary TB cases, including his own child. Along with the index patient, five patients reportedly engaged in the sale or use of methamphetamine. Follow-up surveillance in the two states identified eight additional cases with the outbreak genotype; three had epidemiologic links to the index case.Conclusions. We found that incomplete TB treatment led to extensive TB transmission. We recommend thorough discharge planning and active measures to ensure continuity of care and TB treatment completion for people in custody at higher risk for loss to follow-up, which likely includes those engaged in the sale or use of illicit substances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A Tuberculosis Outbreak Fueled by Cross-Border Travel and Illicit Substances: Nevada and Arizona

et al. 2014

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“…8 These undocumented persons are held in detention centers and jails nationwide through various contracts and intergovernmental service agreements. 9 Upon admission to ICE custody, detainees are screened for TB by chest x-ray and skin testing. 10 Confirmed active TB cases are reported to local and/or state health departments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Border Lookout: Enhancing Tuberculosis Control on the United States–Mexico Border

DeSisto

Broussard

Escobedo

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We evaluated the use of federal public health intervention tools known as the Do Not Board and Border Lookout (BL) for detecting and referring infectious or potentially infectious land border travelers with tuberculosis (TB) back to treatment. We used data about the issuance of BL from April 2007 to September 2013 to examine demographics and TB laboratory results for persons on the list (N = 66) and time on the list before being located and achieving noninfectious status. The majority of case-patients were Hispanic and male, with a median age of 39 years. Most were citizens of the United States or Mexico, and 30.3% were undocumented migrants. One-fifth had multidrugresistant TB. Nearly two-thirds of case-patients were located and treated as a result of being placed on the list. However, 25.8% of case-patients, primarily undocumented migrants, remain lost to follow-up and remain on the list. For this highly mobile patient population, the use of this novel federal travel intervention tool facilitated the detection and treatment of infectious TB cases that were lost to follow-up.

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“…It has been shown that undocumented foreign-born persons had a longer duration of symptoms before medical evaluation for tuberculosis when compared to U.S.-born persons and documented foreign-born persons [Achkar et al 2008]. The tuberculosis case rate among people in the custody of the federal immigrations and customs agency was found to be 12.5 per 100,000 persons in 2005, with patients from Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador accounting for 84.4% of the cases [Schneider and Lobato 2007].…”

Section: Appendix a Appendix A: Airborne Infectious Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2009-0184-3126, evaluation of respiratory protection practices for employees at federal immigration and customs agency workplaces - Nationwide.

2011

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Tuberculosis Control Among People in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Custody

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

A Tuberculosis Outbreak Fueled by Cross-Border Travel and Illicit Substances: Nevada and Arizona

A Tuberculosis Outbreak Fueled by Cross-Border Travel and Illicit Substances: Nevada and Arizona

Border Lookout: Enhancing Tuberculosis Control on the United States–Mexico Border

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2009-0184-3126, evaluation of respiratory protection practices for employees at federal immigration and customs agency workplaces - Nationwide.

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