Tuberculosis challenges: Resistance, co-infection, diagnosis, and treatment

Heidary, Mohsen; Shirani, Maryam; Moradi, Mostafa; Goudarzi, Mehdi; Pouriran, Ramin; Rezaeian, Tayebe; Montazeri, Effat Abbasi

doi:10.1556/1886.2021.00021

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…The results of the lipid profile are summarized n table (4). The results showed a significant higher level in positive samples than negative samples regarding the serum level of total cholesterol The resulted positive/ negative number of samples have been distributed according to the demographic characteristics as shown in table (5). According to age group which showed a significant differences among the groups \, samples within The highest rate of positive (4%) was seen in those aged 21-30, followed by those aged 31-40 (3%), 41-50 (2%) and those aged 51+ (2%).…”

Section: Figure 1: Amplification Curves Of M Tuberculosis Results Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pneumonia Patients and Prevalence of Virulence Genes

2023

JPTCP

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Tuberculosis is among the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide (TB). Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Acute pulmonary TB manifests as acute tuberculous pneumonia (TP). The development of drug-resistant TB, however, continues to pose a problem for TB treatment and efficient disease management. Different mutations in M. tuberculosis can lead to isolates that are rifampicin-resistant. The genes katG, inhA, and inhA's promoter are all involved in cell wall production, and most INH-R strains have mutations in these genes. The purpose of this research was to determine how often M. tuberculosis infection in patients suffering from pneumonia and also find the prevalence of Rifampicin and Isoniazid resistance isolates, and also to correlate the infection with the lipid profile of patients. This study included 200 subjects who are suffering from severe pneumonia. DNA have been extracted from all samples and then M. tuberculosis detection have been done by qRT-PCR. Lipid profile have also been estimated for all the included samples. Then detection of the antibiotic resistance have also done by qRT-PCR. The distribution of samples showed a significant difference among the different infection periods (chi-square= 44.19, P-Value= <0.001). The results showed that (7%) of the positive samples are resistance to Rifampicin. while resistance to Isoniazid are shown in 6.5% of the samples. The results of lipid profile showed a significant higher level in positive samples than negative samples regarding the serum level of total cholesterol (196.90 VS. 172.86, respectively), triglyceride (195.61 VS 152.33, respectively), and low density lipid (121.03 VS. 98.14, respectively).

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Section: Figure 1: Amplification Curves Of M Tuberculosis Results Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pneumonia Patients and Prevalence of Virulence Genes

2023

JPTCP

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“…Each year, an estimated two–three million people die from TB and its associated complications worldwide ( 149 ). DNA gyrase mutations, drug efflux pumps, bacterial cell wall thickness, and pentapeptide proteins (MfpA)-mediated gyrase regulation in M. tuberculosis are the ciprofloxacin -resistant mechanism in Mtb ( 150 ). Because mycobacteria lack topoisomerase IV, ciprofloxacin resistance mutations are found in the genes encoding gyrase, most commonly in the QRDR of gyrA , but sometimes in the QRDR of gyrB .…”

Section: Mechanism Of Resistance In Gram-positive Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and new approaches for enhancing the efficacy of this antibiotic

Shariati

Arshadi

Khosrojerdi

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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For around three decades, the fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic ciprofloxacin has been used to treat a range of diseases, including chronic otorrhea, endocarditis, lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal, skin and soft tissue, and urinary tract infections. Ciprofloxacin's main mode of action is to stop DNA replication by blocking the A subunit of DNA gyrase and having an extra impact on the substances in cell walls. Available in intravenous and oral formulations, ciprofloxacin reaches therapeutic concentrations in the majority of tissues and bodily fluids with a low possibility for side effects. Despite the outstanding qualities of this antibiotic, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have all shown an increase in ciprofloxacin resistance over time. The rise of infections that are resistant to ciprofloxacin shows that new pharmacological synergisms and derivatives are required. To this end, ciprofloxacin may be more effective against the biofilm community of microorganisms and multi-drug resistant isolates when combined with a variety of antibacterial agents, such as antibiotics from various classes, nanoparticles, natural products, bacteriophages, and photodynamic therapy. This review focuses on the resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and new approaches for enhancing its efficacy.

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“…On the WHO’s lists of 30 high burden countries for TB and HIV-associated TB, 12 countries overlap ( 1 ). HIV coinfection also interferes with TB diagnostics including tuberculin skin tests and interferon-γ release assays ( 2 ). Thus, there is a need to focus on Mtb -HIV coinfection if we are to maintain hard-won gains in TB and HIV control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems biology approaches to investigate the role of granulomas in TB-HIV coinfection

Hoerter

Arnett²,

Schlesinger³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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The risk of active tuberculosis disease is 15-21 times higher in those coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) compared to tuberculosis alone, and tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in HIV+ individuals. Mechanisms driving synergy between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV during coinfection include: disruption of cytokine balances, impairment of innate and adaptive immune cell functionality, and Mtb-induced increase in HIV viral loads. Tuberculosis granulomas are the interface of host-pathogen interactions. Thus, granuloma-based research elucidating the role and relative impact of coinfection mechanisms within Mtb granulomas could inform cohesive treatments that target both pathogens simultaneously. We review known interactions between Mtb and HIV, and discuss how the structure, function and development of the granuloma microenvironment create a positive feedback loop favoring pathogen expansion and interaction. We also identify key outstanding questions and highlight how coupling computational modeling with in vitro and in vivo efforts could accelerate Mtb-HIV coinfection discoveries.

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Tuberculosis challenges: Resistance, co-infection, diagnosis, and treatment

Cited by 11 publications

References 116 publications

Frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pneumonia Patients and Prevalence of Virulence Genes

Frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pneumonia Patients and Prevalence of Virulence Genes

The resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and new approaches for enhancing the efficacy of this antibiotic

Systems biology approaches to investigate the role of granulomas in TB-HIV coinfection

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