Tuberculosis case burden and treatment outcomes in children, adults and older adults, Vanuatu, 2007–2011

Tagaro, Markleen; Harries, Anthony; Kool, Bridget; Ram, Sharan; Viney, Kerri; Marais, Ben J.; Tarivonda, Len

doi:10.5588/pha.13.0074

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The proportion of 17% EPTB among the study population was within range reported from studies in Benin [34], Turkey [35] and Cote D’Ivoire [8] while the finding of lymph nodes being the most commonly affected extrapulmonary TB site was also consistent with other studies [6, 36–41]. It is however interesting to note that globally, the proportion of EPTB among children with TB spans a wide range from 6 to 72% depending on the country reporting [8, 9, 26, 28, 30, 40]. A myriad of reasons have been suggested for this observation ranging from under-reporting and missing of EPTB cases, challenges with diagnosis, [28] to over diagnosis of EPTB and HIV infection rates of the population being studied [26, 28, 40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In the logistic regression HIV positivity was associated with mortality, a finding corroborated in other studies [49]. Some of the possible reasons include the presence of other comorbidities, poor adherence due to an increase burden of drugs to take and drug resistance in co-infected children [40]. Considering the risk of latent TB developing into disease in persons living with HIV and the contribution of TB to deaths among those co-infected, implementation of the Three I’s for HIV/TB: intensified case-finding of TB (ICF), isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) and infection control for TB provides opportunity to reduce morbidity and mortality in those without symptoms and signs of TB [50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…It is however interesting to note that globally, the proportion of EPTB among children with TB spans a wide range from 6 to 72% depending on the country reporting [8, 9, 26, 28, 30, 40]. A myriad of reasons have been suggested for this observation ranging from under-reporting and missing of EPTB cases, challenges with diagnosis, [28] to over diagnosis of EPTB and HIV infection rates of the population being studied [26, 28, 40]. The diagnosis of TB in children has long been recognized as challenging necessitating the use of multiple strategies including chest X-ray as a screening tool, clinical criteria and more sensitive molecular diagnostic methods [5, 41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood tuberculosis and treatment outcomes in Accra: a retrospective analysis

2019

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death in children and adults. Unlike for adults, there is paucity of data on childhood TB in several countries in Africa. The study objective was to assess the characteristics and treatment outcomes of children with TB from multiple health facilities in Accra, Ghana. Methods A retrospective analyses was conducted using secondary data on children less than 15 years collected from 11 facilities during a TB case finding initiative in Accra from June 2010 to December 2013. Demographic and clinical characteristics as well as treatment outcomes were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess predictors of mortality. Results Out of the total 3704 TB cases reported, 5.9% (219) consisted of children with a female: male ratio of 1:1.1. Children less than 5 years made up 56.2% of the patients while 44.2% were HIV positive. The distribution of TB type were as follows: smear positive pulmonary TB (SPPTB), 46.5%, clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB 36.4%.%, extra-pulmonary TB 17.4%. Among the 214 children (97.7%) for whom treatment outcome was documented, 194 (90.7%) were successfully treated consisting of 81.3% who completed treatment and 9.4% who were cured. Eighteen children (8.4%) died. Mortality was significantly higher among the 1–4 year group ( p < 0.001), those with SPPTB (p < 0.001) and HIV positive children (p < 0.001). In logistic regression, SPPTB and HIV positivity were predictors of mortality. Conclusion The proportion of children in Accra successfully treated for TB met the target of END TB Strategy treatment success indicator. HIV positivity was a risk factor for death. Reducing mortality in TB-HIV co-infected children will further improve treatment outcomes of children with TB in Accra.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood tuberculosis and treatment outcomes in Accra: a retrospective analysis

2019

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“…The mean age in the non-elderly group was 31.4 ± 9 years (range, 15 to 49 years) [17]. Tagaro et al study during the 5-year period, of the 588 registered TB patients they agree with our result as they found that 330 (56%) were male and 257 (44%) female (in one patient sex was not documented); 142 (24%) were children aged 0-14 years, 327 (56%) were adults aged 15-54 years and 119 (20%) were older adults aged >55 years [18]. In contrary to our result Marjani et al study, 872 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) were enrolled out of which, 431 (49.4%) were males and 441 (50.6%) were females.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Pattern of Tuberculosis in Elderly Patients in Egypt

Ghweil¹,

Alsenbsy²,

Badawy³

et al. 2018

J Trop Dis

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Background and study aim: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent and grave of all humanoid contagious diseases and is still a major infectious disease worldwide. The geriatric population in developed countries represents a big reservoir of tuberculosis infection across all racial and sex subsets. We aim in this study to assess the pattern of TB in elderly patients in Qena governorate in Egypt. Patients and methods: All patients aged 50 years and above who were diagnosed with TB have been included in the study. The patients were evaluated regarding the incidence rate: for new cases, and relapse cases (pulmonary and extra pulmonary). Results: The mean age of included patients was 41.18 years and 51.3% of the studied patients were male. Regarding residence we found 54.7% of patients live in rural areas and 45.3% in urban. 82.9% of the patients were tuberculin positive. As regard chest x-ray finding we found: normal in 17.1% of patients, 17.1% bilateral, 25.6% right upper lobe 16.2% whole right lung, 10.3% left upper lobe, 6% left lower lobe, 3.4% right lower lobe, 2.6% pleural effusion and 1.7% whole left lung. In the present study we found that 81.2% of patients had pulmonary TB and 18.8% had extra pulmonary TB. Conclusion: The study documents important variances in clinical and radiological findings of pulmonary TB in geriatric patients. Sputum analysis for AFB remains a significant, easy and cheap method for diagnosis, but might not be continuously supportive in early diagnosis.

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National scale-up of tuberculosis–human immunodeficiency virus collaborative activities in Myanmar from 2005 to 2016 and tuberculosis treatment outcomes for patients with human immunodeficiency virus-positive tuberculosis in the Mandalay Region in 2015

Phyo

Harries

Wai

et al. 2017

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Tuberculosis case burden and treatment outcomes in children, adults and older adults, Vanuatu, 2007–2011

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Childhood tuberculosis and treatment outcomes in Accra: a retrospective analysis

Childhood tuberculosis and treatment outcomes in Accra: a retrospective analysis

Pattern of Tuberculosis in Elderly Patients in Egypt

National scale-up of tuberculosis–human immunodeficiency virus collaborative activities in Myanmar from 2005 to 2016 and tuberculosis treatment outcomes for patients with human immunodeficiency virus-positive tuberculosis in the Mandalay Region in 2015

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