Tuberculosis and patient gender: An analysis and its implications in tuberculosis control

Rao, Sukhesh

doi:10.4103/0970-2113.48897

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Although male infection in present study was predominant, female ratio could not be representing the actual situation because many women do not attend official health care centers due to fear from social stigma with fear from probable consequence of it like divorce, the present finding is in concurrence with other reports [24,25] that proposed this ratio could be attributable to biological characteristics and socioeconomic and cultural barriers to access healthcare.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Assessment Treatment Outcomes of Directly Observed Treatment Short Course Programme among Tuberculosis Patients in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq

Muhsen¹,

Mohamed²,

Alhatami³

2015

UCMS

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OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the detection rate and treatment outcomes among TB (tuberculosis) patients in Al-Najaf TB center and compare these outcomes with WHO (World Health Organization) targets. METHODOLOGY: Cohort study was conducted during the period between January 2012 to December 2012, for patients attending TB center in AL-Najaf Province. The collected data were analyzed for treatment and retreatment outcomes, treatment and retreatment success rates. RESULTS: 162 TB cases were enrolled in the present study, and the patients were distributed according to age into seven age groups. The young and middle age groups (15-24 and 25-34 years interval) showed higher frequencies of cases (20.4% and 23.5%, respectively) than other age groups. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The case detection rate was 34.6% as only 56 out of 162 cases were sputum-smear positive for AFB (acid-fast bacilli), and they were followed in the present study. Treatment outcomes-cured, completed treatment, defaulter, treatment failure, died and transfer out of 56 patients are 69.6%, 9%, 16%, 3.6%, 0.0% and 1.8%, respectively, whereas retreatment outcomes-cured, completed treatment, defaulter, treatment failure, died and transfer out are 50%, 0.0%, 50%, 0.0%, 0.0%, 0.0%, respectively. The DOTS (directly observed treatment short course) treatment success rate 75% and the retreatment success rate was 49%. CONCLUSION: All the estimations of detection rate, success rate of treatment and retreatment outcomes were lower than that of WHO targets. RECOMMENDATIONS: Improving success rate through overcoming obstacles that prevent regular drug supply, execution regular surveys to evaluate the performance of DOTS programme, community-based health education programmes about the role of DOTS strategy in improving treatment success rate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Assessment Treatment Outcomes of Directly Observed Treatment Short Course Programme among Tuberculosis Patients in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq

Muhsen¹,

Mohamed²,

Alhatami³

2015

UCMS

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“…This result is in corresponds with other studies. [13][14][15] However, present study showed that there was no significant association of both age and gender wise distribution with pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis. On smoking-wise distribution, smokers were found more susceptible to pulmonary tuberculosis than non-smokers which was in accordance with other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…6,13 Since this age group people are highly active, their chance of exposure is also high which support evidence of acquiring disease. On gender wise distribution, 10 (25%) female patients and 27 (27.55%) male patients were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of Gene Xpert Mtb/Rif Assay for the Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Sputum of Patients Suspected of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Visiting National Tuberculosis Centre, Thimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal

Thapa

Gurung

Ghimire

2017

SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS

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introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most deadly and common major infectious diseases in developing countries. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis is indispensable to adequately manage the disease and control its transmission. The objective of this study was to evaluate Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay for detection of M. tuberculosis in sputum of patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis and its comparison with traditional conventional methods.

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“…The epidemic of TB in terms of sex has changed as a result of the HIV epidemic. Before the era of HIV the male-to-female ratio for TB incidence was 2:1, [20] but the high prevalence of HIV in females has led to an increased incidence of TB among females. [21] A number of studies and reports have shown that women of childbearing age were more likely than the older women to develop TB due to co-infection with HIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of HIV and other risk factors on tuberculosis

Mahtab

Coetzee

2017

S Afr Med J

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Background. Tuberculosis (TB) notification in South Africa has increased six-fold over the past two decades, mainly because of the HIV epidemic. Objectives. To describe the sociodemographic and outcome characteristics of TB patients, and to identify risk factors associated with TB treatment outcomes stratified by HIV status. Methods. A cross-sectional study was used to analyse data from the Cape Town Metro East geographical service area (GSA) electronic TB register (ETR.Net), including adult patients aged ≥15 years who initiated TB treatment between 1 July 2011 and 30 June 2012. Results. TB case notification in the GSA was 922 per 100 000 population. Of the 12 672 TB patients registered, 50.5% were co-infected with HIV. The death rate in co-infected patients was 5.4% v. 2.8% in HIV-negative patients, the rate of treatment success 66.6% v. 73.5%, and the rate of unfavourable treatment outcome 28.1% v. 23.7%. The Khayelitsha subdistrict had the highest proportion of TB burden (37.0%) and co-infection (47.6%). Fourteen percent of patients had extrapulmonary TB, 65.9% of whom were co-infected with HIV. In the multivariate analysis, HIV infection (relative risk (RR) 1.2), retreatment (RR 1.4) and sputum smear microscopy not done (RR 1.4) were significantly associated with unfavourable treatment outcome. The Eastern (RR 0.9) and Northern (RR 0.7) subdistricts were less likely to have unfavourable outcomes compared with Khayelitsha. In the stratified analysis, retreatment and smear not done were significant risk factors for an unfavourable treatment outcome in both co-infected and HIV-negative patients. Conclusions. The burdens of both TB and co-infection were high in this community, although HIV prevalence varied. Mortality was higher and treatment completion lower in co-infected patients than in those who were HIV-negative. Co-infection, previous TB treatment and smear not done were significant risk factors for an unfavourable outcome in all patients.

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Tuberculosis and patient gender: An analysis and its implications in tuberculosis control

Cited by 50 publications

References 1 publication

Assessment Treatment Outcomes of Directly Observed Treatment Short Course Programme among Tuberculosis Patients in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq

Assessment Treatment Outcomes of Directly Observed Treatment Short Course Programme among Tuberculosis Patients in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq

Evaluation of Gene Xpert Mtb/Rif Assay for the Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Sputum of Patients Suspected of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Visiting National Tuberculosis Centre, Thimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal

Influence of HIV and other risk factors on tuberculosis

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