Tuberculosis and noncommunicable diseases: neglected links and missed opportunities

Abstract

Globally, the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is declining very slowly, and the noncommunicable disease (NCD) burden for many countries is steadily increasing. Several NCDs, such as diabetes mellitus, alcohol use disorders and smoking-related conditions, are responsible for a significant proportion of TB cases globally, and in the European region, represent a larger attributable fraction for TB disease than HIV. Concrete steps are needed to address NCDs and their risk factors. We reviewed published studies involving TB and NCDs, and present a review and discussion of how they are linked, the implications for case detection and management, and how prevention efforts may be strengthened by integration of services. These NCDs put patients at increased risk for developing TB and at risk for poor treatment outcomes. However, they also present an opportunity to provide better care through increased casedetection activities, improved clinical management and better access to care for both TB and NCDs. Hastening the global decline in TB incidence may be assisted by strengthening these types of activities.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Belarus: the size of the problem and associated risk factors

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24] In the present study, in addition to a history of previous TB treatment and young age, several factors independently associated with MDR-TB were identified. For example, HIV-positive TB cases were found to have a significantly higher risk of MDR-TB than their HIV-negative counterparts.…”

Risk factors for Tuberculosis in Mwea West Sub-County, Kirinyaga County, Kenya

“…In HIV/AIDS era, tuberculosis cases have increased probably due to the fact that HIV/AIDS is an immunosuppressive condition hence increasing the risk of contracting the disease. Several studies have also found associations between TB and presence of other chronic infections [13,14]. [15,16], more risk factors to contracting tuberculosis include malnutrition, diabetes, silicosis, alcoholism and tobacco smoking.…”

“…Productivity at community level would also increase because of the low mortality and morbidity due to TB decrease. The overall would be increase in economic growth, improved life expectancy and a healthy Nation [6]. Mwea west Sub-County covers an area of approximately 231Km2 with a population of approximately 100, 000 people which accounts for about 19% of the total county population [7].…”

The Association Between Perceived Stigma Towards Tuberculosis and the Implementation of Diagnosis Procedure on Tuberculosis Screening Program in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

“…It should be enhanced into an active cases finding through screening program, one of them is to the high-risk population such as diabetes mellitus (Raviglione, 2010). DM weakens the body's immune responsesand thus can increase the risk for TB infection (Creswell et al, 2011). Since 2015, NTP initiates the TB screening program to DM patient.…”