Tuberculosis and HIV Infection

Garay, Stuart M.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1009828

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…36 In view of these uncertainties, some authors recommend more prolonged therapy in HIV-infected patients (Table 1). 35,37,38 The most recent guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) state that the minimal duration of therapy is six months, but that if the clinical or bacteriologic response is slow, treatment should be given for a total period of nine months, or for four months after cultures become negative. 31 Directly observed therapy improves the outcome, is cost effective, and is strongly recommended for HIV-infected patients.…”

Section: Treatment Of Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

1999

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Section: Treatment Of Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

1999

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“…Numerous studies have underscored the strong association between HIV and TB in Africa, with a significant proportion of TB cases occurring among HIV-positive individuals. 1,9 Impact of Poverty and Socioeconomic Factors…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hiv Co-infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms in Immune Genes and Their Association with Tuberculosis Susceptibility: An Analysis of the African Population

Wodelo,

Wampande,

Andama

et al. 2024

TACG

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Tuberculosis remains a global health concern, with substantial mortality rates worldwide. Genetic factors play a significant role in influencing susceptibility to tuberculosis. This review examines the current progress in studying polymorphisms within immune genes associated with tuberculosis susceptibility, focusing on African populations. The roles of various proteins, including Toll-like receptors, Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3 Grabbing Non-Integrin, vitamin D nuclear receptor, soluble C-type lectins such as surfactant proteins A and D, C-type Lectin Domain Family 4 Member E, and mannose-binding lectin, phagocyte cytokines such as Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10, Interleukin-12, and Interleukin-18, and chemokines such as Interleukin-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted are explored in the context of tuberculosis susceptibility. We also address the potential impact of genetic variants on protein functions, as well as how these findings align with the genetic polymorphisms not associated with tuberculosis. Functional studies in model systems provide insights into the intricate host-pathogen interactions and susceptibility mechanisms. Despite progress, gaps in knowledge remain, highlighting the need for further investigations. This review emphasizes the association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with diverse aspects of tuberculosis pathogenesis, including disease detection and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

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“…It is known that 70% of patients with CD4 counts under 100 cells/µL show extrapulmonary manifestations, mostly peripheral lymphadenitis. [11] It would be desirable to include these cases in a further study to evaluate all elements of the disease.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5,9,10] Further, it is known that immunosuppressed patients show higher rates of smear-negative TB. [11] Therefore, sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still the method of reference for diagnosing pulmonary TB, since the sensitivity is not influenced by HIV infection. Unfortunately, this is not always practicable due to the long time needed for growth and the extended need of resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective evaluation of radiographic manifestations of tuberculosis in relationship with CD4 count in patients with HIV/AIDS

et al. 2023

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A major risk factor to develop active tuberculosis (TB) is the infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Chest radiography is the first-line imaging modality used to rule out TB. Coinfected individuals present often with atypical imaging patterns, due to the immunosuppression caused by the virus, making diagnosis difficult. In this prospective observational study 268 TB and HIV coinfected patients were included. During a follow-up period of 24 weeks, the predominant patterns on chest radiography were analyzed and compared to the cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count under antiretroviral and anti-TB therapy. Patients with low CD4 counts (<200 cells//µL) showed more often lymphadenopathy (62% vs 38%;P = .08) and a miliary pattern (64% vs 36%;P = .04) but less likely cavitation (32% vs 68%;P = .008) or consolidation (47% vs 63%;P = .002) compared to individuals with higher CD4 counts. Over the follow-up period, partial response to therapy was the most frequent radiological evolution (62%), mainly accompanied by an increase of CD4 cells (92%). Patients with a decrease in CD4 count mostly presented with a worsening in radiological findings (53%). Radiographic TB manifestation correlated with the immune status of patients coinfected with HIV. Low CD4 counts often showed atypical manifestation.Abbreviations: ART = antiretroviral therapy, CD4 = cluster of differentiation 4, CXR = chest radiography, HIV = human immunodeficiency virus, PR = partial response, SD = stable disease, T1 = baseline, T3 = second follow-up (week 24), TB = tuberculosis, TR = total response.

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Tuberculosis and HIV Infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 63 publications

Tuberculosis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Tuberculosis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Polymorphisms in Immune Genes and Their Association with Tuberculosis Susceptibility: An Analysis of the African Population

Prospective evaluation of radiographic manifestations of tuberculosis in relationship with CD4 count in patients with HIV/AIDS

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