“…4,28,29 Studies of cattle have also shown a high seroprevalence of C burnetii infection suggesting that Q fever is far from being a negligible disease in Portugal. 30,31 Despite several clinical cases of Q fever reported in the Portuguese literature, [32][33][34] only two studies have investigated the clinical and epidemiological situation of the disease in the country. 27,35 Q fever is a notifiable disease in Portugal since January 1, 1999 and an average of 0.1 cases per 10 5 inhabitants per year have been reported.…”