Tuberculin testing before BCG vaccination

Bothamley, Graham; Cooper, Ed; Shingadia, Delane; Mellanby, Alex

doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7409.243

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…(6)(7)(8) Pada penelitian ini terlihat bahwa hewan coba yang mendapat vaksin BCG subkutan mempunyai kadar antibodi yang lebih tinggi terhadap PPD M. tuberculosis dibandingkan dengan vaksin yang diberikan secara oral (p < 0.05). Sebaliknya hampir tidak ditemukan perbedaan kadar antibodi hewan coba yang mendapat vaksinasi BCG oral dengan kelompok kontrol.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

“…Based on the result of this experiment's it can be concluded that BCG vaccination will increase the cellular and humeral immunity response and sub cutaneous's vaccination route is better that oral, from immunes response aspect side. (6,7) Berkaitan dengan latar belakang di atas, dilakukanlah penelitian secara in vivo dengan menggunakan binatang percobaan untuk melihat sejauh mana pengaruh rute pemberian vaksin BCG secara oral dan subkutan terhadap sistem imunitas humoral, seluler dan aktivitas fungsional makrofag.…”

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN VAKSIN BCG SECARA ORAL DAN SUBKUTAN TERHADAP KOMPONEN SELULER DAN HUMORAL PADA Rattus norvegicus GALUR WISTAR

Suharti¹,

Putra²

2011

MKA

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AbstrakVaksinasi BCG merupakan metoda pencegahan infeksi M. tuberculosis dengan rentang efektivitas antara 0 -80%. Vaksin ini bekerja dengan menginduksi sistem imunitas seluler, terutama sel limfosit T. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas vaksin, seperti bahan dasar, rute pemberian, penyimpanan dan lain sebagainya.penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh rute vaksinasi BCG, per oral dan subkutan terhadap imunitas seluler dan humoral, yang meliputi pembentukan antibodi, kosentrasi sel limfosit B, T dan penilaian kemampuan makrofag. Penelitian eksperimental yang dilaksanakan dengan mengunakan desain post test only control group design. Jumlah sampel 10 ekor Rattus norvegicus galur Wistar. Antibodi diperiksa dengan menggunakan ELISA, serta dilakukan uji statistik mengunakan t-test. Didapatkan kadar antibodi kelompok subkutan pada hari ke-10 adalah OD 1.714 ± 0.124, sedangkan kelompok oral adalah 1.256 ± 0.243 dan pada kontrol kadar antibodi adalah 0.975 ± 0.253 (p < 0.05). Jumlah limfosit B pada kelompok subkutan adalah 4.5 x 10 3 sel/ml, kelompok oral 2.6 x 10 3 sel/ml dan kontrol 2.2. x 10 3 sel/ml (p < 0.05). Jumlah limfosit T kelompok subkutan adalah 3.8 x 10 4 sel/ml sedangkan pada kelompok oral dan kontrol, masing-masing adalah 1.1 x 10 4 sel/ml dan 0.8 x 10 4 sel/ml (p < 0.05). Kemampuan fagositosis makrofag subkutan adalah 62.5 ± 6.8 lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok oral 48.7 ± 5.8 dan kontrol 35.6 ± 4.4 (p < 0.05). Fenomena yang sama ditemukan pada hari ke-20. Namun demikian tidak ditemukan perbedaan konsentrasi seluruh variabel seluler dan humoral antara hari ke-10 dan 20 (p > 0.05). Vaksinasi BCG akan meningkatkan respon imunitas seluler dan humoral dan rute vaksinasi subkutan lebih baik dibanding per oral ditinjau dari aspek respon imun. Kata kunci : Vaksinasi BCG, seluler, humoral, makrofag Abstract BCG vaccine is a method to prevent the infection of M tuberculosis with effectiveness range between 0 -80%. This vaccine works with inducing cellular immunity system, mainly in cell of Lymphocyte T. There are many factors that ARTIKEL PENELITIAN

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Section: Pembahasanunclassified

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN VAKSIN BCG SECARA ORAL DAN SUBKUTAN TERHADAP KOMPONEN SELULER DAN HUMORAL PADA Rattus norvegicus GALUR WISTAR

Suharti¹,

Putra²

2011

MKA

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“…Note that (i) since millions of persons receive intradermal BCG, the delayed healing of their BCG lesions could identify individuals who are genetically most susceptible to M. tuberculosis; (ii) the rate of healing of intradermal BCG lesions in newborns should not be compared with rate of healing of intradermal BCG lesions in older individuals, because the immune system of newborns is still developing (see BCG in Newborn Infants below); and (iii) also, if an individual had previously received BCG (or had an inapparent TB infection), the next dermal BCG lesion would progress more rapidly and heal faster (15).…”

Section: Identifying the "ϳ4%" Group That Would Be Helped By Bcg Vaccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Clinical and Preclinical Testing of New Tuberculosis Vaccines

Dannenberg

2010

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARY This review hopes to improve the selection of new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines by providing several perspectives on the immunization of humans, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and monkeys which have not usually been considered. (i) In human TB vaccine trials, the low rate of healing of Mycobacterium bovis BCG lesions (used as the control group) would distinguish individuals who might be helped by vaccination from the 95% who do not need it and would make these trials more conclusive. (ii) The rabbit immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is much more effective in arresting tuberculosis than those of other laboratory animals, so pulmonary tubercle counting in rabbits should be included in all preclinical TB vaccine testing. (iii) Both delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) are necessary to control the growth of M. tuberculosis. The testing of new TB vaccines in mice or in guinea pigs may not detect important antigens needed for human immunization. Mice respond poorly to tuberculin-like antigens that cause DTH. Guinea pigs respond poorly to antigens that cause CMI. Rabbits and humans respond well to both DTH and CMI antigens. Since monkeys are very susceptible to M. tuberculosis, they may not be as useful as rabbits for preclinical vaccine evaluation. (iv) Critical antigens (possibly ESAT-6 or CFP-10) might increase the immunity of the host to a greater extent than that produced by a natural M. tuberculosis infection and therefore would be useful in both prophylaxis and immunotherapy. Such critical antigens would increase the host's ability to neutralize key components of M. tuberculosis that enable it to survive in both laboratory animals and humans.

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“…It may take 3-6 months for the scar to form. If no scar is visible at all after 6 months one should give repeat BCG 10,11 . Such vaccination can be restricted to children up to 5 years who are most vulnerable to miliary and meningial forms of tuberculosis 12 .…”

Section: Use Of Vaccine Which Is Not Potentmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG vaccination scars of childen under five years in a tertiary care hospital

Srisaravanapavanantha¹,

Dissanayake

Sarathchandra

2008

Sri Lanka J Child Health

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Objective To study the BCG vaccination scars of under 5 year old children who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital Design Cross sectional descriptive study Setting Ward 3, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children (LRH)Method All children between 6 and 60 months of age, admitted to ward 3 LRH from October 15 th to December 30 th 2006, were included in the study. The interviewer-administered questionnaire and examination of the child for BCG scar were the methods used to collect the data.Results: Of 1010 patients admitted to ward 3 LRH during the study period, 923 were analysed. BCG vaccine had been given to all patients. Whilst 821 (89%) patients had the BCG scar, 102 (11%) did not have it. Among patients with the BCG scar, 20% had received BCG vaccine in non tertiary care hospitals, whereas in patients with absent BCG scar, this figure was 35% (p=0.003; p<0.05). In the Child Health Development Record (CHDR), the BCG scar column had been marked in only 554 (64%). Among 102 patients with absent BCG scar, revaccination was not indicated in 20 (21%) because the BCG scar had been marked as positive in the CHDR. However, 96 had not been revaccinated. Common reasons for non revaccination were: unawareness of mothers regarding absent BCG scar (38.5%) and postponement of revaccination (24%). ConclusionThere was a significant number of patients with absent BCG scars indicating need for larger scale studies.

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Tuberculin testing before BCG vaccination

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN VAKSIN BCG SECARA ORAL DAN SUBKUTAN TERHADAP KOMPONEN SELULER DAN HUMORAL PADA Rattus norvegicus GALUR WISTAR

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN VAKSIN BCG SECARA ORAL DAN SUBKUTAN TERHADAP KOMPONEN SELULER DAN HUMORAL PADA Rattus norvegicus GALUR WISTAR

Perspectives on Clinical and Preclinical Testing of New Tuberculosis Vaccines

BCG vaccination scars of childen under five years in a tertiary care hospital

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