Tube-jack testing for irregular masonry walls: Prototype development and testing

Ramos, Luís F.; Manning, Elizabeth Campbell; Fernandes, Francisco Manuel Carvalho Pinto; Fangueiro, Raúl; Azenha, Miguel; Cruz, José Fernando A.; Sousa, Christoph Fernandes

doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2013.04.004

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The use for chaotic and very irregular masonry, on the other hand, raises some questions, and experiments have shown that it can lead to errors in the evaluation of both the modulus of elasticity and compressive strength [90]. Nevertheless, the flat-jack technique has been successfully used in numerous and different stone masonry structures [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98], proving to be a valid alternative to measure the strain-stress behavior of masonry [85,99,100].…”

Section: Remarks On Double Flat-jack Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulus of Elasticity and Compressive Strength of Tuff Masonry: Results of a Wide Set of Flat-Jack Tests

Guadagnuolo

Aurilio

Basile³

et al. 2020

Buildings

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The assessment of the modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of masonry is a fundamental step in the seismic analysis of existing structures. In this paper, the representativeness of the values provided by flat-jack tests for tuff masonry is investigated through the analysis of a very large and homogeneous number of tests (635 double flat-jack tests). Data relate to existing buildings belonging to different historical and/or construction periods, located throughout the Campania region (Italy) in areas with different peculiarities. Results are compared with the values provided by Italian Building Code, containing ranges of the elastic modulus and compressive strength for different types of masonry. The values of flat-jack tests are then compared with laboratory tests available in the literature. Finally, comparisons with code equations are performed. It is shown that equations correlating the masonry compressive strength with the modulus of elasticity provide values larger than the mean of experimental data, whereas the equations correlating the masonry compressive strength with the strength of components provide lower values, if block and mortar strengths are varied within a probable and wide range.

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Section: Remarks On Double Flat-jack Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulus of Elasticity and Compressive Strength of Tuff Masonry: Results of a Wide Set of Flat-Jack Tests

Guadagnuolo

Aurilio

Basile³

et al. 2020

Buildings

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show abstract

“…The flat-jack test method is a standardized test method used for determining the local stress state in unreinforced masonry [2]. Unfortunately, flat-jack testing can cause some damage to the historic masonry that is to be protected [3] and the results are difficult to interpret or even unreliable when testing typologically irregular masonry [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an effort to develop methods that are less destructive to the historical structure and which can provide more reliable information about the characteristics of the structure and with greater accuracy, an enhanced method termed "Tube-Jack Testing" is under development at the University of Minho [3]. The method relies on the same principles as the widely used flat-jack test method [2] to determine the local state of stress in a masonry element, the modulus of elasticity, an estimation of the Poisson's ratio, and, whenever is possible, the masonry compressive strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that the tube-jack test produced a more even stress distribution in the wall and obtained a reasonably accurate estimation of the compressive stress in the wall, thus providing a numerical validation of the method. Initial prototype development and testing was performed by Ramos et al [3] and Manning et al [7]. This development included the construction and testing of PVC, rubber and latex tube-jacks, initial testing of the tube-jacks in a twoblock specimen, and testing of fabric socks to confine the expansion of the tube material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tube-Jack Testing for Irregular Masonry Walls: Regular Masonry Wall Testing

Manning

Ramos

Fernandes³

2016

J Nondestruct Eval

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This paper presents the continued development of a novel non-destructive testing method termed tube-jack testing. The goal of the tube-jack system is to provide an enhanced and less destructive method than traditional flat-jack testing for determination of mechanical characteristics and local stress states in irregular masonry walls. Single tubejack tests were performed, using previously developed rubber tube-jacks, in regular masonry walls of granite and cement-lime mortar. A traditional flat-jack test was also performed in the same masonry wall. Conclusions suggest that tube-jacks are successful in applying pressure to the masonry at low stress states.

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“…The method was first introduced at the 2010 Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC) Conference in Shanghai, China (Ramos & Sharafi, 2010). Development of tubejack prototypes and initial testing was presented at the 2012 SAHC Conference in Wroclaw, Poland (Manning et al 2012), with additional details included in Ramos et al (2012). At the 2014 SAHC Conference in Mexico City, Mexico, the first complete single and double tube-jack tests results were presented, showing that the method could be performed in a masonry wall with a regular typology .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tube-jack testing: Semi-irregular masonry wall testing

Manning¹,

Ramos²,

Fernandes³

2016

Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: Anamnesis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Controls

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Tube-jack testing is an enhanced non-destructive or minimally-destructive testing technique being developed to determine the state of stress in, and the deformability characteristics of, unreinforced masonry. This test is similar to traditional flat-jack testing, used for the same purpose. Instead of using flat-jacks, the tubejack system consists of several cylindrical jacks inserted into roughly aligned holes drilled in the mortar joints, forming an equivalent flat-jack, that can pressurize the masonry. In previous Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions Conferences, the development of this method has been presented. In this paper, testing in a masonry wall with a semi-irregular typology is presented. Two single tube-jack tests were performed to try to determine the level of stress in the masonry and one double tube-jack test was performed to estimate the deformability characteristics of the masonry. These tests are presented along with comparisons to traditional flat-jack tests performed in the same wall.

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Tube-jack testing for irregular masonry walls: Prototype development and testing

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Modulus of Elasticity and Compressive Strength of Tuff Masonry: Results of a Wide Set of Flat-Jack Tests

Modulus of Elasticity and Compressive Strength of Tuff Masonry: Results of a Wide Set of Flat-Jack Tests

Tube-Jack Testing for Irregular Masonry Walls: Regular Masonry Wall Testing

Tube-jack testing: Semi-irregular masonry wall testing

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