TT Virus mRNAs Detected in the Bone Marrow Cells from an Infected Individual

Okamoto, Hiroaki; Nishizawa, Tsutomu; Tawara, Akio; Takahashi, Masaharu; Kishimoto, Junichi; Sai, Toshiaki; Sugai, Yoshiki

doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.4012

Cited by 69 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…3b) were found in three chimpanzee TTMDV isolates, similar to those in TTVs which are known to have three distinct species of TTV mRNAs (2.9-3, 1.2 and 1 kb) with three different splicings (Kamahora et al, 2000;Okamoto et al, 2000c). The short splicing of 110-111 nt (Splice 1 in Fig.…”

Section: Determination Of the Full-length Nucleotide Sequence Of Ttmdsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…4b). Human and chimpanzee TTMDV isolates have in common a circular 3.2 kb DNA genome, a genomic organization comprising four major ORFs with high diversity but of similar overall size, a well-conserved area within the noncoding region with GC-rich regions and several motifs of deduced amino acid sequences encoded by ORFs that are similar to TTVs and TTMVs, as well as a unique transcriptional profile that has been demonstrated for TTVs (Kamahora et al, 2000;Okamoto et al, 2000c).A complication of primate studies is the cross-species transmission of TTVs and TTMVs. Human and chimpanzee TTVs do not cluster into species-specific monophyla.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the entire genomes of torque teno midi virus variants in chimpanzees: infrequent cross-species infection between humans and chimpanzees

Ninomiya

Takahashi

Hoshino

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Humans are frequently infected with three anelloviruses which have circular DNA genomes of 3.6-3.9 kb [Torque teno virus (TTV)], 2.8-2.9 kb [Torque teno mini virus (TTMV)] and 3.2 kb [a recently discovered anellovirus named Torque teno midi virus (TTMDV)]. Unexpectedly, human TTMDV DNA was not detectable in any of 74 chimpanzees tested, although all but one tested positive for both human TTV and TTMV DNA. Using universal primers for anelloviruses, novel variants of TTMDV that are phylogenetically clearly separate from human TTMDV were identified from chimpanzees, and over the entire genome, three chimpanzee TTMDV variants differed by 17.9-20.3 % from each other and by 40.4-43.6 % from all 18 reported human TTMDVs. A newly developed PCR assay that uses chimpanzee TTMDV-specific primers revealed the high prevalence of chimpanzee TTMDV in chimpanzees (63/74, 85 %) but low prevalence in humans (1/100). While variants of TTV and TTMV from chimpanzees and humans were phylogenetically interspersed, those of TTMDV were monophyletic for each species, with sequence diversity of ,33 and ,20 % within the 18 human and three chimpanzee TTMDV variants, respectively. Maximum within-group divergence values for TTV and TTMV were 51 and 57 %, respectively; both of these values were substantially greater than the maximum divergence among TTMDV variants (44 %), consistent with a later evolutionary emergence of TTMDV. However, substantiation of this hypothesis will require further analysis of genetic diversity using an expanded dataset of TTMDV variants in humans and chimpanzees. Similarly, the underlying mechanism of observed infrequent cross-species infection of TTMDV between humans and chimpanzees deserves further analysis. INTRODUCTIONTorque teno virus (TTV) was first discovered in the serum of a patient with cryptogenic hepatitis following transfusion in 1997 (Nishizawa et al., 1997;Okamoto et al., 1998). In 2000, torque teno mini virus (TTMV) was accidentally identified by PCR using TTV-specific primers that partially matched homologous sequences but generated unexpectedly shorter amplicons . TTV and TTMV are both small, unenveloped spherical viruses with circular single-stranded DNA genomes of 3.6-3.9 and 2.8-2.9 kb, respectively (Miyata et al., 1999;Mushahwar et al., 1999;Okamoto et al., 1998Okamoto et al., , 1999Okamoto et al., , 2000bTakahashi et al., 2000;Peng et al., 2002). The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses officially classified TTV and TTMV into the new floating genus Anellovirus (Biagini et al., 2005).Recently, a third group of TTV-like viruses, termed small anellovirus (SAV) types 1 and 2 (SAV-1 and SAV-2) were cloned from plasma samples of individuals at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (Jones et al., 2005). Further characterization revealed that these viruses have a circular DNA genome of 3.2 kb, intermediate in size between TTV and TTMV, but with an otherwise similar genomic organization (Ninomiya et al., 3Present address: Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University...

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Section: Determination Of the Full-length Nucleotide Sequence Of Ttmdsupporting

confidence: 64%

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of the entire genomes of torque teno midi virus variants in chimpanzees: infrequent cross-species infection between humans and chimpanzees

Ninomiya

Takahashi

Hoshino

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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“…Here we observed a low (59-70%) sequence homology between isolate 5-A, a variant not very distant of SENV-F, and well-characterized viral strains from group 3, as SANBAN (Hijikata et al 1999), TUS01 (Okamoto et al 1999), and TYM9 (Okamoto et al 2000). At this respect, it should be kept in mind that the present classification of TTVs/SENVs in five phylogenetic groups is provisional and may be modified in the future if new genotypes, whose existence has been recently suggested (Kojima et al 2003, Maggi et al 2003, Devalle & Niel 2004, are actually identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…An alternative RNA splicing mechanism generates two additional coding regions, ORF3 (286 codons) and ORF4 (289 codons). The N-terminal portions of ORF3 and ORF4 products are common to ORF2 product, while the C-terminal moieties of ORF1, ORF3, and ORF4 products are encoded by the same genome region, each in a different reading frame, without homology to each other (Kamahora et al 2000, Okamoto et al 2000.…”

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Genomic characterization of a Brazilian TT Virus isolate closely related to SEN virus-F

Diniz-Mendes

Devalle

Niel

2004

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…TT viruses are widely spread in all human populations. [51][52][53] They replicate preferentially in bone marrow cells 54 and cells of the hematopoietic system act as a reservoir for these viruses. 55 Our initial attempts to detect them in human cancers demonstrated an increased detection rate in gastrointestinal tumors, in breast and lung cancer, as well as in leukemias and multiple myelomas.…”

Section: Virologic Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus target cell conditioning model to explain some epidemiologic characteristics of childhood leukemias and lymphomas

Hausen

Villiers

2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Frequent infections in early childhood, whole-day care and a socially unprivileged environment have been reported as protective factors for childhood leukemias and lymphomas. Conversely, a protected social environment, higher level of education and growing up in families with a low number of children are considered as risk factors. Additional risk factors involve agricultural occupation of the parents and exposure to several other occupational factors. These data led to a number of hypotheses that attempted to explain the epidemiologic observations; however, a number of questions are still open. Here we propose a new concept that could explain most of the epidemiologic characteristics. This concept is based on the assumption that persistent infections with TT virus-like agents increase the risk for specific chromosomal translocations. This risk should correlate with the viral load.Interferon induction by intermittent infections should reduce the viral load and thus decrease the risk for chromosomal modifications. Some virologic observations in support of this model are presented. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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TT Virus mRNAs Detected in the Bone Marrow Cells from an Infected Individual

Cited by 69 publications

References 35 publications

Analysis of the entire genomes of torque teno midi virus variants in chimpanzees: infrequent cross-species infection between humans and chimpanzees

Analysis of the entire genomes of torque teno midi virus variants in chimpanzees: infrequent cross-species infection between humans and chimpanzees

Genomic characterization of a Brazilian TT Virus isolate closely related to SEN virus-F

Virus target cell conditioning model to explain some epidemiologic characteristics of childhood leukemias and lymphomas

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