TT Virus Infection of Periodontal Tissues: A Controlled Clinical and Laboratory Pilot Study

Rotundo, Roberto; Maggi, Fabrizio; Nieri, Michele; Muzzi, Leonardo Augusto Lopes; Bendinelli, Mauro; Prato, Giovanpaolo Pini

doi:10.1902/jop.2004.75.9.1216

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The viral titer was 10 to 10.000 times higher in saliva than in serum. The assumption that TTV might replicate in oropharyngeal tissues and/or salivary glands was supported by the detection of TTV in the gingival tissue [23]. In our study, we found 10 to 1.000 higher viral loads in cervical smears than in the parallel serum samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

TTV and HPV co-infection in cervical smears of patients with cervical lesions

2009

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BackgroundThe female lower genital tract is a gateway for pathogens entering the host through the mucous membrane. One of the prevalent human viruses is Torque teno virus (TTV). The major reported routes of TTV transmission are fecal-oral and parenteral. Furthermore, other modes of transmission, e.g. sexual contact, are suggested. To investigate the sexual route of TTV transmission, cervical smears of healthy women and those with cervical lesions were screened for the presence of TTV DNA.MethodsTTV DNA was studied in cervical smears of 95 patients with cervical lesions and 55 healthy women. Paired serum samples were available from 55 and 42 women, respectively. All healthy women had normal cytology while 44 patients had histologically confirmed low-grade lesion (LGL) and 51 high-grade lesion (HGL). TTV DNA was detected with primers specific for the non-coding region. In 40 paired cervical smears and serum samples, the phylogenetic group of TTV isolates was determined. The presence of HPV DNA in cervical smears was detected by means of PCR with MY09/11 primers.ResultsThe prevalence of TTV DNA in cervical smears of healthy women was 52.7% and was comparable with that in paired serum samples (50%). Symptomatic women had significantly higher prevalence of TTV DNA in cervical smears (74.7%) than healthy controls. The TTV DNA prevalence in patient serum samples was 51%. The phylogenetic groups of TTV serum isolates were concordant with those of TTV from cervical smears of the same subjects. In cervical smears, a wider variety of TTV isolates was found. The viral loads in cervical smears were 10 to 1000 times as high as in sera. The HPV-positive study subjects had significantly higher TTV DNA prevalence than HPV negatives. The prevalence of TTV was not associated with disease severity.ConclusionHigh prevalence of TTV in cervical smears suggests that sexual transmission is another mode of expansion of TTV infection among the population. The higher viral load in cervical smears than in the respective serum samples might indicate active TTV replication in the female genital tract. Nevertheless, cooperation between TTV and HPV needs to be further investigated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

TTV and HPV co-infection in cervical smears of patients with cervical lesions

2009

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“…However, the study focused on TTV in general, and genogroup-specific tests were not performed [Rodríguez-Iñ igo et al, 2001]. Interestingly, Rotundo et al [2004] found TTVs (of unspecified genogroups) significantly more frequently in the inflammed gingival tissue of eleven patients with periodontitis than in ten controls without periodontal disease, supporting the above assumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Investigation of the occurrence of torque tenovirus in malignant and potentially malignant disorders associated with human papillomavirus

Fehér

Gáll

Murvai

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Virology

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In a previous pilot study, a significantly poorer outcome of laryngeal cancer was found in patients co-infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) and genogroup 1 torque tenovirus (TTV). The present study aimed to collect data on the overall prevalence of TTVs on the prevalence of genogroup 1 TTV in two other malignancies associated with HPV, oral squamous cell cancer and cervical cancer, and in oral and cervical premalignant lesions (oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, cervical atypia). Oral samples from all patients were accompanied with a sample from the healthy mucosa. The overall prevalence of TTV was significantly higher both in oral squamous cell cancer and cervical cancer compared with other patient groups or with the respective controls. The prevalence of genogroup 1 TTV was significantly higher in lesions of oral squamous cell cancer and oral lichen planus, but not in lesions of oral leukoplakia (24.6%, 10.1%, and 4.5%, respectively), compared with the prevalence in the oral cavity of controls (1.4%). Co-infection rates with genogroup 1 TTV and HPV were significantly higher in oral squamous cell cancer than in controls, oral lichen planus or oral leukoplakia patients (12.3%, 0.0%, 6.7%, and 4.5%, respectively). The prevalence of genogroup 1 TTV in all cervical samples were comparable. These data suggest that genogroup 1 TTV may be associated specifically with some head and neck mucosal disorders, but disproves a (co)carcinogenic role in oral cancer or cervical cancer as well as an association with HPV or with malignancies associated with HPV.

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“…A significantly higher salivary occurrence of cytomegalovirus genomes , cytomegalovirus IgG and Epstein–Barr virus antibodies , and of gingival crevice fluid cytomegalovirus IgG , in periodontitis patients compared with healthy subjects, further links the two viruses to destructive periodontal disease. However, studies from Germany and England found low cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 copy counts in periodontitis lesions, perhaps because of the type of periodontal disease studied, social and ethnic factors, or disease involvement of different herpesviruses or other types of human viruses . Bacteriophages may also be involved in periodontal disease.…”

Section: Disease Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal herpesviruses: prevalence, pathogenicity, systemic risk

Slots¹

2015

Periodontology 2000

113

164

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Periodontitis is an infectious/inflammatory disease characterized by the loss of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Herpesviruses are frequent inhabitants of periodontitis lesions, and the periodontopathogenicity of these viruses is the topic of this review. In 26 recent studies from 15 countries, subgingival cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus type 1, respectively, yielded median prevalences of 49%, 45% and 63% in aggressive periodontitis, 40%, 32% and 45% in chronic periodontitis, and 3%, 7% and 12% in healthy periodontium. An active herpesvirus infection of the periodontium exhibits site specificity, is a potent stimulant of cellular immunity, may cause upgrowth of periodontopathic bacteria and tends to be related to disease-active periodontitis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by the herpesvirus infection may activate matrix metalloproteinases and osteoclasts, leading to breakdown of the tooth-supportive tissues. The notion that a co-infection of herpesviruses and specific bacteria causes periodontitis provides a plausible etiopathogenic explanation for the disease. Moreover, herpesvirus virions from periodontal sites may dislodge into saliva or enter the systemic circulation and cause diseases beyond the periodontium. Periodontal treatment can diminish significantly the periodontal load of herpesviruses, which may lower the incidence and magnitude of herpesvirus dissemination within and between individuals, and subsequently the risk of acquiring a variety of medical diseases. Novel and more effective approaches to the prevention and treatment of periodontitis and related diseases may depend on a better understanding of the herpesvirus-bacteria-immune response axis.

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TT Virus Infection of Periodontal Tissues: A Controlled Clinical and Laboratory Pilot Study

Abstract: A new DNA virus (TTV) was first identified in the gingival tissue and was found to be significantly associated with the presence of periodontitis. These findings need to be investigated in further studies.

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

TTV and HPV co-infection in cervical smears of patients with cervical lesions

TTV and HPV co-infection in cervical smears of patients with cervical lesions

Investigation of the occurrence of torque tenovirus in malignant and potentially malignant disorders associated with human papillomavirus

Periodontal herpesviruses: prevalence, pathogenicity, systemic risk

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