Tsunami source area of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake determined from tsunami arrival times at offshore observation stations

Hayashi, Yutaka; Tsushima, Hiroaki; Hirata, Kenji; Kimura, Kazuhiro; Maeda, Kenji

doi:10.5047/eps.2011.06.042

Cited by 75 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the tsunami waveform inversion (Fujii and Satake, 2011), the area of large slip also can be seen near the trench just east of the hypocenter. The region where tsunami back-propagation curves of initial crests are concentrated (Hayashi et al, 2011), shown in Fig. 3, is almost coincident with the area of large slip obtained in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Source process of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake with the combination of teleseismic and strong motion data

et al. 2011

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We have derived preliminary results for the source process of the March 11, 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake; M w = 9.0) from two types of seismic waveform data: teleseismic P waves and regional strong motion data. The common features of these two analyses are as follows: (a) The main rupture is located to the east of the initial break point (the shallower side of the hypocenter), and maximum slip amounts were more than 25 m. (b) The size of the main fault was about 450 km in length and 200 km in width; the duration of rupture was more than 150 s; and M w was 9.0. (c) The initial rupture gradually expanded near the hypocenter (0-40 s) and subsequently propagated both southwards and northwards.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Source process of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake with the combination of teleseismic and strong motion data

et al. 2011

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“…This was the largest event (M W 9.1) since instrumental observations began in Japan [e.g., Hirose et al, 2011]. A gigantic tsunami excited by the earthquake struck the Pacific coast of Japan and more than 15,000 people were killed [e.g., Hayashi et al, 2011]. The ocean-bottom pressure gauges deployed in the focal area recorded the huge tsunami [Saito et al, 2011] produced by the seafloor rise of $ 5 m .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

et al. 2014

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This study reveals the roles of the wave dispersion and nonlinear effects for the 2011 TohokuOki earthquake tsunami. We conducted tsunami simulations based on the nonlinear dispersive equations with a high-resolution source model. The simulations successfully reproduced the waveforms recorded in the offshore, deep sea, and focal areas. The calculated inundation area coincided well with the actual inundation for the Sendai Plain, which was the widest inundation area during this event. By conducting sets of simulations with different tsunami equations, we obtained the followings insights into the wave dispersion, nonlinear effects, and energy dissipation for this event. Although the wave dispersion was neglected in most studies, the maximum amplitude was significantly overestimated in the deep sea if the dispersion was not included. The waveform observed at the station with the largest tsunami height ($2 m) among the deep-ocean stations also verified the necessity of the dispersion. It is well known that the nonlinear effects play an important role for the propagation of a tsunami into bays and harbors. Additionally, nonlinear effects need to be considered to accurately model later waves, even for offshore stations. In particular, including nonlinear terms rather than the inundation was more important when precisely modeling the waves reflected from the coast.

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“…Soon thereafter, a large tsunami (designated hereinafter as the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami) struck the Pacific coast of eastern Japan (e.g. Fujii et al, 2011;Hayashi et al, 2011;Maeda et al, 2011;Mori et al, 2011). After late March, the joint survey group conducted many field surveys to measure the run-up height, flow depth (= inundation depth), and inundation area of the tsunami along the Pacific coast of eastern Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field measurements and numerical modeling for the run-up heights and inundation distances of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami at Sendai Plain, Japan

et al. 2012

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We conducted an urgent field survey at the Sendai Plain to measure the run-up heights and inundation distances of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami. We used GPS measurements because of the remarkably long inundation distances (ca. 5.4 km). We established an accurate measurement scheme using the far electric reference points (about 350 km). Using this method, we quickly measured 69 run-up heights within 3 days. The tsunami run-up heights and inundation distances varied mainly according to the local topography, ranging from 9.6 m at 0.4 km to 0.2 m at 5.4 km, respectively. Furthermore, artificial structures and topography played an important role in constraining the inundation limit. Our observations are important for future analyses using aerial and satellite imagery and numerical modeling in the area because the maximum inundation area might be underestimated in the images as a result of the subtle traces of the tsunami inundation, which were difficult to identify in the field. However, results show that numerical modeling might not reproduce minor inundation beyond the highway without sufficiently high-resolution topographic data because data for the modeling are usually rough, and the highway, small channels, and street gutters, which played an important role in local inundation, are too small a resolution to be recognized in the model.

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Tsunami source area of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake determined from tsunami arrival times at offshore observation stations

Cited by 75 publications

References 9 publications

Source process of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake with the combination of teleseismic and strong motion data

Source process of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake with the combination of teleseismic and strong motion data

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

Field measurements and numerical modeling for the run-up heights and inundation distances of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami at Sendai Plain, Japan

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