Tsunami runup and tide-gauge observations from the 14 November 2016 M7.8 Kaikōura earthquake, New Zealand

Power, William; Clark, Kate; King, Darren N.; Borrero, José C.; Howarth, Jamie; Lane, Emily M.; Goring, Derek G.; Goff, James; Chagué‐Goff, Catherine; Williams, James; Reid, Catherine M.; Whittaker, Colin; Mueller, Christof; Williams, Shaun; Hughes, Matthew W.; Hoyle, Jo; Bind, Jochen; Strong, Delia; Litchfield, Nicola; Benson, Adrian

doi:10.1007/s00024-017-1566-2

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Surface fault displacement peaked at ~12 m of dextral slip on the Kekerengu Fault (Litchfield et al, ). The mainshock also induced widespread coastal uplift and an associated small tsunami (Clark et al, ; Gusman et al, ; Hamling et al, ; Power et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal Fault Connectivity of the M_w 7.8 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake Constrained by Aftershock Relocations

Lanza

Chamberlain

Jacobs

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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The 14 November 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in the northern South Island, New Zealand, involved highly complex, multifault rupture. We combine data from a temporary network and the permanent national seismograph network to repick and relocate ~2,700 aftershocks of M≥3 that occurred between 14 November 2016 and 13 May 2017. Automatic phase‐picking is carried out using REST, a newly developed hybrid method whose pick quality is assessed by comparing automatic picks for a subset of 138 events with analysts' picks. Aftershock hypocenters computed from high‐quality REST picks and a 3‐D velocity model cluster almost exclusively in the shallow crust of the upper plate and reveal linkages at depth between surface‐rupturing fault segments. Only eight aftershocks are relocated on a deeper structure positioned between patches of geodetically detected afterslip. This indicates that afterslip has not triggered significant earthquake activity on the subduction interface during the period of aftershock activity analyzed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal Fault Connectivity of the M_w 7.8 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake Constrained by Aftershock Relocations

Lanza

Chamberlain

Jacobs

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Tsunami software must provide the ability to use much finer computational grids in some region than in others, either by continuously varying cell sizes (e.g., Harig et al, 2008) or with nested levels of grids at different resolutions. Adaptive mesh refinement is sometimes used to dynamically adjust the grids in order to efficiently follow a propagating tsunami (e.g., LeVeque et al, 2011;Popinet, 2011).…”

Section: 1002/2017rg000579mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis: Multiple Sources and Global Applications

Grezio

Babeyko²,

Baptista

et al. 2017

Reviews of Geophysics

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163

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Applying probabilistic methods to infrequent but devastating natural events is intrinsically challenging. For tsunami analyses, a suite of geophysical assessments should be in principle evaluated because of the different causes generating tsunamis (earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity, meteorological events, and asteroid impacts) with varying mean recurrence rates. Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analyses (PTHAs) are conducted in different areas of the world at global, regional, and local scales with the aim of understanding tsunami hazard to inform tsunami risk reduction activities. PTHAs enhance knowledge of the potential tsunamigenic threat by estimating the probability of exceeding specific levels of tsunami intensity metrics (e.g., run‐up or maximum inundation heights) within a certain period of time (exposure time) at given locations (target sites); these estimates can be summarized in hazard maps or hazard curves. This discussion presents a broad overview of PTHA, including (i) sources and mechanisms of tsunami generation, emphasizing the variety and complexity of the tsunami sources and their generation mechanisms, (ii) developments in modeling the propagation and impact of tsunami waves, and (iii) statistical procedures for tsunami hazard estimates that include the associated epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties. Key elements in understanding the potential tsunami hazard are discussed, in light of the rapid development of PTHA methods during the last decade and the globally distributed applications, including the importance of considering multiple sources, their relative intensities, probabilities of occurrence, and uncertainties in an integrated and consistent probabilistic framework.

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“…1). The earthquake was followed by a tsunami reaching a maximum runup height of around 7 m in the near field (Power et al 2017;Bradley et al 2017), although the maximum zero-to-crest tide gauge height observed at the near-field station of Kaikoura was *2.6 m (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Dual Earthquake–Landslide Source of the 13 November 2016 Kaikoura, New Zealand Tsunami

Heidarzadeh

Satake

2017

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Abstract-A complicated earthquake (M w 7.8) in terms of rupture mechanism occurred in the NE coast of South Island, New Zealand, on 13 November 2016 (UTC) in a complex tectonic setting comprising a transition strike-slip zone between two subduction zones. The earthquake generated a moderate tsunami with zero-to-crest amplitude of 257 cm at the near-field tide gauge station of Kaikoura. Spectral analysis of the tsunami observations showed dual peaks at 3.6-5.7 and 5.7-56 min, which we attribute to the potential landslide and earthquake sources of the tsunami, respectively. Tsunami simulations showed that a source model with slip on an offshore plate-interface fault reproduces the near-field tsunami observation in terms of amplitude, but fails in terms of tsunami period. On the other hand, a source model without offshore slip fails to reproduce the first peak, but the later phases are reproduced well in terms of both amplitude and period. It can be inferred that an offshore source is necessary to be involved, but it needs to be smaller in size than the plate interface slip, which most likely points to a confined submarine landslide source, consistent with the dual-peak tsunami spectrum. We estimated the dimension of the potential submarine landslide at 8-10 km.

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Tsunami runup and tide-gauge observations from the 14 November 2016 M7.8 Kaikōura earthquake, New Zealand

Cited by 51 publications

References 36 publications

Crustal Fault Connectivity of the M_w 7.8 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake Constrained by Aftershock Relocations

Crustal Fault Connectivity of the M_w 7.8 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake Constrained by Aftershock Relocations

Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis: Multiple Sources and Global Applications

Possible Dual Earthquake–Landslide Source of the 13 November 2016 Kaikoura, New Zealand Tsunami

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Tsunami runup and tide-gauge observations from the 14 November 2016 M7.8 Kaikōura earthquake, New Zealand

Cited by 51 publications

References 36 publications

Crustal Fault Connectivity of the Mw 7.8 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake Constrained by Aftershock Relocations

Crustal Fault Connectivity of the Mw 7.8 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake Constrained by Aftershock Relocations

Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis: Multiple Sources and Global Applications

Possible Dual Earthquake–Landslide Source of the 13 November 2016 Kaikoura, New Zealand Tsunami

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Crustal Fault Connectivity of the M_w 7.8 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake Constrained by Aftershock Relocations

Crustal Fault Connectivity of the M_w 7.8 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake Constrained by Aftershock Relocations