Tsunami-Like Wave Forces on an Elevated Coastal Structure: Effects of Flow Shielding and Channeling

Winter, Andrew O.; Alam, Md. Shabbir; Shekhar, Krishnendu; Motley, Michael R.; Eberhard, Marc O.; Barbosa, André R.; Lomónaco, Pedro; Arduino, Pedro; Cox, Daniel T.

doi:10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000581

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In this study, we conducted a comparison with the experimental results of the study by Winter et al (2020) and verified the validity of the 3D analysis method adopted in this study. In the study by Winter et al (2020), experiments were conducted on the fluid force acting on the structure while changing the structural placement; in this study, we conducted a comparison between the experiment results under the conditions shown in Fig. A1 among the aforementioned changes in structure placement with the analysis results.…”

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confidence: 65%

Optimal probabilistic placement of facilities using a surrogate model for 3D tsunami simulations

Tozato

Moriguchi

Takase

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Tsunamis are associated with numerous uncertainties. Therefore, there has been an emphasis on setting the placement of infrastructure facilities based on probabilistic approaches. However, advanced numerical simulations have been often insufficiently utilized due to high computational costs. Therefore, in this study, we developed a framework that could efficiently utilize the information obtained from advanced numerical simulations for probabilistic assessment and investigation of the optimal placement of facilities based on calculated probability. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) techniques were employed for utilizing the data from the numerical simulations for probabilistic risk evaluation. We constructed a surrogate model in which POD was efficiently used to extract the spatial modes. The results of the numerical simulation were expressed as a linear combination of the modes, and the POD coefficients were expressed as a function of the uncertainty parameters to represent a result of an arbitrary scenario at a low computational cost. We conducted numerical simulations of the 2011 tsunami off the Pacific Coast caused by Tohoku Earthquake as an example of the method proposed in this study. The tsunami reached the target area, and the fault parameters of “slip” and “rake” were selected as the target uncertainties. We then created several scenarios in which these parameters were changed and conducted further numerical simulations using POD to construct a surrogate model. We selected the maximum inundation depth in the target area and the maximum impact force that acts on the buildings as the target risk indices, and we constructed a surrogate model of the spatial distributions of each indicator. Furthermore, we conducted Monte Carlo simulations using the constructed surrogate model and the information on fluctuations in uncertainties to calculate the spatial distribution of the failure criterion exceedance probabilities. We then used the Monte Carlo simulation results and a genetic algorithm to identify the optimal placement of facilities based on probability. We also discuss how the optimal placement changes according to differences in risk indices and the differences between parallel and series systems. The failure scenarios for each system are also discussed based on the failure probability. We show that the proposed method of efficiently utilizing advanced numerical simulation information was useful for conducting probabilistic hazard assessments and investigating the optimal placement of facilities based on probability theory.

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confidence: 65%

Optimal probabilistic placement of facilities using a surrogate model for 3D tsunami simulations

Tozato

Moriguchi

Takase

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The issues with the wave duration (Madsen et al, 2008) are wellknown, though recent studies into impulse waves generated from landslides and ice calving (Heller et al, 2019) have similar properties to solitary waves. Additionally, throughout the results, the present study is compared with different wave conditions including a broken and unbroken error function wave (Winter et al, 2020) and dam-break wave (Nouri et al, 2010). Baldock et al (2012) noted that broken solitary waves over a horizontal slope can be approximately modelled using a dam-break wave, though with a significantly reduced period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Okumura et al (2019) focused on the effects of the position of two buildings, and numerically investigated the change in tsunami overturning moment according to their layouts. Winter et al (2020) experimentally investigated the effects of neighbouring structures on the resulting flow, pressure, and force on the structure. They reported that the shielded structure generally experienced weaker forces, while the applied pressure was higher in some locations, increasing the risk to some structural elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While many studies have indicated that the shielding effect, which significantly reduces tsunami loads on a structure landward of another one, can be important (Kakinuma et al 2011;Tomiczek et al 2017;Robertson and Mohamed 2009;Winter et al, 2020;Wüthrich et al, 2018), limited studies have clarified the extent of the area where the shielding effect can work effectively. Thus, it is important to understand further how the spatial distribution of tsunamis flowing through various building configurations changes over time using the PIV technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and numerical investigation on tsunami run-up flow around coastal buildings

Ishii

Takabatake

Esteban

et al. 2021

Coastal Engineering Journal

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Inland tsunami flows can be greatly affected by the presence of coastal buildings. The present study experimentally and numerically investigated the effects of nine different building layouts on 1) the tsunami inundation process and spatial velocity distribution, 2) the flow depth and velocity at a specific point, and 3) the extent of the area where shielding effects take place. High-speed video footage, PIV analysis, and the time history of flow depth, velocity, and momentum flux demonstrated significant differences in the tsunami run-up behaviour among the different building layouts considered. However, it was also shown that a decrease in the flow velocity always appears in front of and immediately behind the building(s), regardless of their layouts.The OpenFOAM simulations performed revealed that significant shielding effects appear in the leeside of the building. These findings can be used when considering where to place evacuation buildings, as constructing them directly behind another study structure could reduce construction costs and increase their stability. The obtained results were also applied to partially validate the method for calculating the channeling effects of tsunami loads provided in ASCE 7-16.

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“…Subsequent to the testing phase, the HWRL EF leadership organized a series of monthly teleconferences with the UW team to assist with the subsequent data analysis and publication phase. To date, the project has led to the publication of 3 peer-reviewed journal papers (all co-authored with UW and OSU teams) and 1 conference proceedings (Lomonaco et al, 2018;Alam et al, 2020;Shekhar et al, 2020;Winter et al, 2020). Significantly, the project led to the successful submission of the project, NSF-1933184 "Understanding and Quantifying Structural Loading from Tsunami-Induced Debris Fields" funded to the UW team.…”

Section: Probabilistic Assessment Of Tsunami Forces On Coastal Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Resilient Coastal Communities: The NHERI Experimental Facility for Surge, Wave, and Tsunami Hazards

Lomónaco

Cox

Higgins

et al. 2020

Front. Built Environ.

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Tsunami-Like Wave Forces on an Elevated Coastal Structure: Effects of Flow Shielding and Channeling

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

Optimal probabilistic placement of facilities using a surrogate model for 3D tsunami simulations

Optimal probabilistic placement of facilities using a surrogate model for 3D tsunami simulations

Experimental and numerical investigation on tsunami run-up flow around coastal buildings

Building Resilient Coastal Communities: The NHERI Experimental Facility for Surge, Wave, and Tsunami Hazards

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