Tsunami in Papua New Guinea was as intense as first thought

Kawata, Yoshiaka; Benson, Boyd C.; Borrero, José C.; Davies, H. L.; Lange, Willem P. de; Imamura, Fumihiko; Letz, Horst; Nott, Jonathan; Synolakis, Costas E.

doi:10.1029/99eo00065

Cited by 145 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The extent and depths of inundation could not possibly be explained by any known earthquake model. The subsequent field survey [54] hypothesized that the seism triggered a submarine landslide. A hydroacoustic record in Wake Island [55,56] identified beyond doubt the characteristic signature of the landslide through comparisons with the acoustic signatures at the same locale from the earthquake and its aftershocks [57,58].…”

Section: Key Advances Between the 1992 Nicaraguan And The 2004 Indianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamis: bridging science, engineering and society

Kânoğlu

Titov

Bernard

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Tsunamis are high-impact, long-duration disasters that in most cases allow for only minutes of warning before impact. Since the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami, there have been significant advancements in warning methodology, pre-disaster preparedness and basic understanding of related phenomena. Yet, the trail of destruction of the 2011 Japan tsunami, broadcast live to a stunned world audience, underscored the difficulties of implementing advances in applied hazard mitigation. We describe state of the art methodologies, standards for warnings and summarize recent advances in basic understanding, and identify cross-disciplinary challenges. The stage is set to bridge science, engineering and society to help build up coastal resilience and reduce losses.

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Section: Key Advances Between the 1992 Nicaraguan And The 2004 Indianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamis: bridging science, engineering and society

Kânoğlu

Titov

Bernard

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…For example, a recent event in Papua New Guinea in July 1998 resulted in widespread destruction and more than 2000 deaths. From eye witness accounts it appears that the waves, some about 4 m to 15 m high at the shoreline, were breaking (see Kawata et al 1999). Since most of the damage associated with tsunamis is related to their run-up at the shoreline, understanding and being able to predict the run-up associated with such long incident breaking waves is an important aspect of a seismic sea wave mitigation effort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-breaking and breaking solitary wave run-up

2002

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The run-up of non-breaking and breaking solitary waves on a uniform plane beach connected to a constant-depth wave tank was investigated experimentally and numerically. If only the general characteristics of the run-up process and the maximum run-up are of interest, for the case of a breaking wave the post-breaking condition can be simplified and represented as a propagating bore. A numerical model using this bore structure to treat the process of wave breaking and subsequent shoreward propagation was developed. The nonlinear shallow water equations (NLSW) were solved using the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) shock capturing scheme employed in gas dynamics. Wave breaking and post-breaking propagation are handled automatically by this scheme and ad hoc terms are not required. A computational domain mapping technique was used to model the shoreline movement. This numerical scheme was found to provide a relatively simple and reasonably good prediction of various aspects of the run-up process. The energy dissipation associated with wave breaking of solitary wave run-up (excluding the effects of bottom friction) was also estimated using the results from the numerical model.

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“…The tsunami arrived at the coast 20 minutes after a Magnitude 7.1 earthquake shook the area and at about the same time (or a little later depending on location) as two major aftershocks (Davies, 1998a;Kawata et al, 1999;Tappin et al, 1999). A maximum wave height of 15 m was recorded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Sissano or Aitape tsunami that struck the north coast of Papua New Guinea (PNG) in the evening of July 17 th 1998 left more than 2,000 people dead and 12,000 homeless as three villages were completely destroyed and four more badly damaged (Figure 1) (Davies, 1988a;Kawata et al, 1999). The scale of the devastation resulted in a comprehensive investigation into the cause of the tsunami event that now includes survivors' accounts, onland study, offshore seabed imaging, geological interpretation, seismological analyses, and computer simulations (Davies, 1998a;Kawata et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scale of the devastation resulted in a comprehensive investigation into the cause of the tsunami event that now includes survivors' accounts, onland study, offshore seabed imaging, geological interpretation, seismological analyses, and computer simulations (Davies, 1998a;Kawata et. al., 1999;Tappin et al, 1999;McSaveny, 2000;Synolakis et al, submitted).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sissano, Papua New Guinea tsunami of July 1998 — offshore evidence on the source mechanism

Watts²,

et al. 2001

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The source of the local tsunami of 17 th July 1998 that struck the north shore of Papua New Guinea remains controversial, and has been postulated as due either to seabed dislocation (fault) or sediment slump. Alternative source mechanisms of the tsunami were addressed by offshore investigation using. multibeam bathymetry, sub-bottom profiling, sediment sampling and observation from the JAMSTEC Dolphin 3K Remotely Operated Vehicle and Shinkai 2000 Manned Submersible. The area offshore of Sissano is a complex active convergent margin with subduction taking place along the New Guinea Trench. Dominant transpressional convergence results in diachronous collision of the highstanding North Bismarck Sea Plate in a westerly direction. The result is a morphological variation along the Inner Trench Slope, with the boundary between eastern and western segments located offshore Sissano in an area of on-and offshore subsidence. This subsidence, together with nearshore bathymetric focusing, is considered to increase the tsunamigenic potential of the Sissano area. The offshore data allow discrimination between tsunami generating mechanisms with the most probable source mechanism of the local tsunami as a sediment slump located offshore of Sissano Lagoon. The approximately 5-10 km 3 slump is located in an arcuate, amphitheatreshaped structure in cohesive sediments that failed through rotational faulting. In the area of the amphitheatre there is evidence of recent seabed movement in the form of fissures, brecciated angular sediment blocks, vertical slopes, talus deposits and active fluid expulsion that maintains a chemosynthetic vent fauna. Dating of the slump event may be approximated 2 by the age of the chemosynthetic faunas as well as by a seismic signal from the failing sediment mass. Faults in the area offshore Sissano are mainly dip-slip to the north with recent movement only along planes of limited lateral extent. A possible thrust fault is of limited extent and with minimal (cm) reverse movement. Further numerical modeling of the tsunami also supports the slump as source over fault displacements.

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Tsunami in Papua New Guinea was as intense as first thought

Cited by 145 publications

References 4 publications

Tsunamis: bridging science, engineering and society

Tsunamis: bridging science, engineering and society

Non-breaking and breaking solitary wave run-up

The Sissano, Papua New Guinea tsunami of July 1998 — offshore evidence on the source mechanism

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