Tsunami deposits in a lacustrine sequence of the Sanriku coast, northeast Japan

Minoura, Koji; Nakaya, Shu; Uchida, Masao

doi:10.1016/0037-0738(94)90081-7

Cited by 138 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Moreover, in the case of Kamchatka, cyclones are weaker than in Japan, for example, where tsunami deposits have been described to the exclusion of storms at elevations of less than 3 m (e.g. Minoura et al, 1994). Compared to tsunami and storm deposits, eolian sands are typically very well sorted, very fine sand, and form thicker, wedge-shaped layers; silt and very fine eolian sand are also disseminated in the peat.…”

Section: Field Methods and Criteria For Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If we use the historical record from northern Japan as a proxy for earlier historical trans-Pacific tsunamis, 1960 was the only severe (> 3 m runup) teletsunami on the Sanriku coast in the last 300 years (Minoura et al, 1994). We can also expect the 1700 Cascadia event to have produced no more than a moderate runup (1-3 m) on Kamchatka, and hence, not to have left deposits at most of our sites.…”

Section: The Historical Tsunami Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence of strong modern and pre-historic earthquakes and tsunamis has been found and studied in Japan, North America, and a number of other localities (e.g. Minoura et al, 1994;Benson et al, 1997;and others). On Kamchatka, studies of tsunami deposits began in about 1990 (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical and paleo-tsunami deposits on Kamchatka, Russia: long-term chronologies and long-distance correlations

Pinegina

Bourgeois

2001

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Along the eastern coast of Kamchatka, at a number of localities, we have identified and attempted to assign ages to deposits of both historic and prehistoric (paleo-) tsunamis. These deposits are dated and correlated using tephrochronology from Holocene marker tephra and local volcanic ash layers. Because the historical record of earthquakes and tsunamis on Kamchatka is so short, these investigations can make important contributions to evaluating tsunami hazards. Moreover, because even the historical record is spotty, our work helps add to and evaluate tsunami catalogues for Kamchatka. Furthermore, tsunami deposits provide a proxy record for large earthquakes and thus are important paleoseismological tools. The combined, preserved record of tsunami deposits and of numerous marker tephra on Kamchatka offers an unprecedented opportunity to study tsunami frequency. Using combined stratigraphic sections, we can examine both the average frequency of events for each locality, and also changes in frequency through time. Moreover, using key marker tephra as time lines, we can compare tsunami frequency and intensity records along the Kamchatka subduction zone. Preliminary results suggest real variations in frequency on a millennial time scale, with the period from about 0 to 1000 A.D. being particularly active at some localities.

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Section: Field Methods and Criteria For Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Historical Tsunami Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical and paleo-tsunami deposits on Kamchatka, Russia: long-term chronologies and long-distance correlations

Pinegina

Bourgeois

2001

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Since the deposition and preservation of tsunamiites are primarily due to the coastal geomorphologic setting and the available accommodation space, typical trap-sites (abandoned river channels, coastal lakes, lagoons and wetlands behind low barriers) (e.g., Atwater and Moore, 1992;Minoura et al, 1994;De Martini et al, 2003) have been looked at through a detailed geomorphologic study, aerial-photographs and satellite image interpretation and field surveys. In the southeastern tip of Sicily a site named Pantano Morghella (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological record of tsunami inundations in Pantano Morghella (south-eastern Sicily) both from near and far-field sources

Gerardi

Smedile

Pirrotta

et al. 2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Analysis of tsunami deposits from the Pantano Morghella area provided geological evidence for two inundations occurred along the south-eastern Ionian coast of Sicily. Pantano Morghella is a large pond characterised by a finegrained sedimentation indicating a low-energy depositional environment. Two anomalous yellow sandy layers found at different depths indicate the occurrence of high-energy marine inundations. We studied sedimentological and paleontological features of the anomalous deposits as well as their spatial distribution observing the following properties: different facies with respect to the local stratigraphic sequence; erosive bases, rip-up clasts and broken elements testifying violent deposition mechanisms; macro and micro fauna of marine environment; relatively constant thickness throughout most of the depositional zone with thinning at the distal end; large sand sheets that extend inland. These observations, jointly with their infrequency in the sedimentary record and the age indicating a fast deposition, provided strong evidence for tsunami inundations. Correlations between anomalous layers and historical tsunamis are supported by radiocarbon and OSL dating results. The younger deposit is likely due to the 1908 near-source tsunami, whereas the flooding of the oldest event is most likely associated with a far and large source, the Crete 365 AD earthquake.

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“…Field observations of tsunamigenic deposits have shown that they were generally characterized by presence of mafic mineral layers with landward fining of grain size and presence of shallow and/or deep sea fossils (Nishimura and Miyaji 1995;Shi et al 1995;Moore et al 2007;Paris et al 2007). Well-sorted sands within black organic muds found in coastal wetlands have also identified as tsunami sediment sequences (Minoura et al 1994). Recent geochemical investigations of 2004 tsunami sediments in Thailand found that content of salts and some trace metals was significantly elevated (Szczuciński et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of surface sediments in tsunami-affected Sri Lankan lagoons regarding environmental implications

Jayawardana

Ishiga

Pitawala

2011

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the largest in human history, devastating the coastal wetlands of surrounding countries. This study present the chemical analyses of tsunamigenic and pretsunami sediments from Hikkaduwa and Hambantota lagoons in southern Sri Lanka, to assess their geochemical composition, their source, and subsequent environmental impacts. Principal component analysis of the tsunami sediments shows that 42% of the total variance is accounted for calcium oxide and Sr. That is, the tsunami deposits are rich in biogenic phases derived from shallow marine sediments. High organic matter contents of the tsunami sediments of up to 80 wt% also support this interpretation. The association of chlorine (\9.4 wt%), brome (\170 mg/kg), arsenic (\17 mg/kg), iron (III) oxide (\12.9 wt%) and sulfur (\7.6 wt%) accounts for 33% of the variance, reflecting higher salinity. This further suggests that the sediments were mainly derived from a marine environment, rather than from non-marine sands and/or soils. Immobile element contents and relations (thorium, scandium and zirconium) suggest that the tsunami sediment source was mostly felsic in composition, with some mafic component, and mixed with predominantly shallow marine shelf or slope sediments. Additional compositional variations in the tsunami sediments in both lagoons may be associated with variations of wave strength along the coast and by the morphology of the continental shelf. Lower elemental abundances in Hambantota lagoon sediments compared to Hikkaduwa equivalents may thus reflect a greater non-marine component in the former, and greater shelf sediment component in the latter.

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Tsunami deposits in a lacustrine sequence of the Sanriku coast, northeast Japan

Cited by 138 publications

References 8 publications

Historical and paleo-tsunami deposits on Kamchatka, Russia: long-term chronologies and long-distance correlations

Historical and paleo-tsunami deposits on Kamchatka, Russia: long-term chronologies and long-distance correlations

Geological record of tsunami inundations in Pantano Morghella (south-eastern Sicily) both from near and far-field sources

Geochemistry of surface sediments in tsunami-affected Sri Lankan lagoons regarding environmental implications

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