Tsunami damage to coastal defences and buildings in the March 11th 2011 M w 9.0 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami

Fraser, Stuart; Raby, Alison; Pomonis, Antonios; Goda, Katsuichiro; Chian, Siau Chen; Macabuag, Joshua; Offord, M; Saito, Keiko; Sammonds, Peter

doi:10.1007/s10518-012-9348-9

Cited by 98 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Small openings were observed on the face of this building subject to tsunami flow. As shown in Figure 1, this building overturned seaward, but it is expected that the initial failure was landward (consistent with the other buildings) and this building was then moved during tsunami return flow to its final position (Fraser et al, 2013). On the other hand, the building may have been overturned seaward by the receding wave (Onagawa, 2013).…”

Section: Building Amentioning

confidence: 68%

“…This building was floated more than 1 m and moved approximately 7 m, and all piles were ruptured at or near the joints (Tokimatsu et al, 2012). No pile remained connected to the pile caps, suggesting a higher level of shear in the overturning motion than was experienced in the other overturned building with a pile foundation (Fraser et al, 2013). This building was lifted by the hydrostatic buoyancy off of its pile foundation, which did not have tension capacity due to the minimal reinforcing steel (Chock et al, 2013).…”

Section: Building Dmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Yeh et al (2013) suggested that soil liquefaction due to strong ground shaking of the earthquake that had occurred approximately 40 min prior to the tsunami arrival may have further promoted overturning failure. Fraser et al (2013) also suggested that although any evidence of liquefaction was washed away in the tsunami, it may have contributed by loosening the soil around the piles prior to the overturning motion. Although, the liquefaction process in Onagawa is still not fully understood, it is worth considering the effect of soil liquefaction based on a building design standard because the 2011 tsunami arrived at Onagawa within approximately 40 min of its initiation, when soil liquefaction could not have been negligible.…”

Section: Soil Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the surveyed data, most of the piles were likely broken by tension and shear failures at the pile head and insufficient friction between the pile and soil, including the effect of soil liquefaction, which caused the piles to be easily pulled out of the ground. During soil liquefaction, the soil shear strength is decreased, thereby decreasing the shaft resistance (skin friction) between the pile surface and soil around the pile (Fraser et al, 2013). This decreased shaft resistance would allow the greater vertical movement of the piles while in the ground.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This decreased shaft resistance would allow the greater vertical movement of the piles while in the ground. The piles would then be pulled from the ground more easily when the building is subjected to uplift and lateral forces from tsunami flow and debris impact, which were significant in Onagawa due to the extreme inundation depth (Fraser et al, 2013). Soil liquefaction changed the soil properties and caused a loss of skin friction capacity between the pile and soil because of the loosening of soil around the pile.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possible Failure Mechanism of Buildings Overturned during the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in the Town of Onagawa

Latcharote

Suppasri

Yamashita

et al. 2017

Front. Built Environ.

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Six buildings were overturned in the town of Onagawa during the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami. This study investigates the possible failure mechanisms of building overturning during tsunami flow. The tsunami inundation depth and flow velocity at each overturned building were recalculated by using a tsunami numerical simulation and verified using a recorded video. The overturning moment is a result of hydrodynamic and buoyancy forces, whereas the resisting moment is a result of building self-weight and pile resistance force. This study aimed to demonstrate that the building foundation design is critical for preventing buildings from overturning. The analysis results suggest that buoyancy force can generate a larger overturning moment than hydrodynamic force, and the failure of a pile foundation could occur during both ground shaking and tsunami flow. For the pile foundation, pile resistance force plays a significant role due to both tension and shear capacities at the pile head and skin friction capacity between the pile and soil, which can be calculated from 18 soil boring data in Onagawa using a conventional method in the AIJ standards. In addition, soil liquefaction can reduce skin friction capacity between the pile and soil resulting in a decrease of the resisting moment from pile resistance force.

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Section: Building Amentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Building Dmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Soil Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possible Failure Mechanism of Buildings Overturned during the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in the Town of Onagawa

Latcharote

Suppasri

Yamashita

et al. 2017

Front. Built Environ.

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Variability of tsunami inundation footprints considering stochastic scenarios based on a single rupture model: Application to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

et al. 2015

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The sensitivity and variability of spatial tsunami inundation footprints in coastal cities and towns due to a megathrust subduction earthquake in the Tohoku region of Japan are investigated by considering different fault geometry and slip distributions. Stochastic tsunami scenarios are generated based on the spectral analysis and synthesis method with regards to an inverted source model. To assess spatial inundation processes accurately, tsunami modeling is conducted using bathymetry and elevation data with 50 m grid resolutions. Using the developed methodology for assessing variability of tsunami hazard estimates, stochastic inundation depth maps can be generated for local coastal communities. These maps are important for improving disaster preparedness by understanding the consequences of different situations/ conditions, and by communicating uncertainty associated with hazard predictions. The analysis indicates that the sensitivity of inundation areas to the geometrical parameters (i.e., top-edge depth, strike, and dip) depends on the tsunami source characteristics and the site location, and is therefore complex and highly nonlinear. The variability assessment of inundation footprints indicates significant influence of slip distributions. In particular, topographical features of the region, such as ria coast and near-shore plain, have major influence on the tsunami inundation footprints.

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The Perils in Brief

Hillier¹

2017

Natural Catastrophe Risk Management and Modelling

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Tsunami damage to coastal defences and buildings in the March 11th 2011 M w 9.0 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami

Cited by 98 publications

References 8 publications

Possible Failure Mechanism of Buildings Overturned during the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in the Town of Onagawa

Possible Failure Mechanism of Buildings Overturned during the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in the Town of Onagawa

Variability of tsunami inundation footprints considering stochastic scenarios based on a single rupture model: Application to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

The Perils in Brief

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