TSO-DSO-Customer Coordination for Purchasing Flexibility System Services: Challenges and Lessons Learned from a Demonstration in Sweden

Abstract

This paper presents a real-word implementation of a TSO-DSO-customer coordination framework for the use of flexibility to support system operation. First, we describe the general requirements for TSO-DSO-customer coordination, including potential coordination schemes, actors and roles and the required architecture. Then, we particularise those general requirements for a real-world demonstration in Sweden, aiming to avoid congestions in the grid during the high-demand winter season. In the light of current congestion management rules and existing markets in Sweden, we describe an integration path to newly defined flexibility markets in support of new tools that we developed for this application. The results show that the use of flexibility can reduce the congestion costs while enhancing the secure operation of the system. Additionally, we discuss challenges and lessons learned from the demonstration, including the importance of the engagement between stakeholders, the role of availability remuneration, and the paramount importance of defining appropriate technical requirements and market timings.

An Effective Method to Estimate the Aggregated Flexibility at Distribution Level

“…Initially, in the proposed methodology, a finite number N ϕ of potential angles ϕ are chosen in the space [0, 360] and a KDE model is fitted in these observations. Due to its convenient mathematical properties, within the context of this paper the standard Gaussian kernel is used, as presented in (11). The update function method of the KDE model is described as follows:…”

“…The efficient exploitation of the flexibility provided by DERs requires a close coordination between DSOs and Transmission System Operators (TSOs) [4], [5], [6], and well-functioning flexibility markets to properly remunerate the participating DER owners [7], [8], [9]. Several European research and innovation projects have dealt with the practical applications of TSOs, DSOs, and end-customers coordination to efficiently utilize flexibility services and support power system operation [10], [11].…”

Market-Based TSO–DSO Coordination: A Comprehensive Theoretical Market Framework and Lessons from Real-World Implementations

“…Finally, to complement the TMF application and generalize the obtained description, elements from a top-down perspective are introduced in the fifth step, the outcome of which is depicted in Figure 4. This paper maps the TMF representations of the OneNet project demonstrators' market architectures towards the corresponding coordination schemes, as defined in the CoordiNet project [26,28]. of Steps 1 to 4 allows transposing the market-based interactions into a market architecture formed by sub-markets that interact.…”

“…Researchers in [25] proposed five different service-agnostic coordination schemes (CSs) that define each system operator's roles and responsibilities when procuring and using system services provided by the distribution grid. This analysis was further extended by [26][27][28], who developed seven CS. Then, more specifically for the joint procurement of balancing ancillary services and congestion management services, [29] distinguished three market models for coordination while [30] identified five market design options.…”

Economic Implications of DSO-TSO Coordination Schemes at a System Level and for Market Actors in case of Flexibility or Traditional Grid-based Solution

“…This temporary subscription is an extra cost to DSOs, in addition to the annual capacity subscriptions that allow the power consumption up to the agreed capacity with the TSO or the regional DSO. Even worse, higher penalty costs for surpassing the agreed subscription may happen in case of the subscription level was denied (see e.g., [16]).…”