TSIA: A Novel Image Authentication Scheme for AMBTC-Based Compressed Images Using Turtle Shell Based Reference Matrix

Chen, Chih‐Cheng; Chang, Chin‐Chen; Lin, Chia-Chen; Su, Guo-Dong

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2944833

Cited by 12 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The experimental results and analysis imply that our approach outperforms other existing related methods in terms of embedding capacity and visual quality. In the future, a more efficient and lossless hiding method coworking with different kinds of matrix coding or turtle shelling matrix [41], [42] could be further explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABMC-DH: An Adaptive Bit-Plane Data Hiding Method Based on Matrix Coding

Lin

Chang

2020

IEEE Access

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This paper proposes a novel adaptive image steganography method combining matrix coding, which can achieve better visual quality according to the given embedding rate compared with other existing schemes. The embedding processes are divided into two phases: preparation and implementation. In the preparation phase, all 128 combinations of a 7-bit binary number are classified into eight groups by a parity check matrix based on matrix coding. Thus, each group corresponds to an octal number, and contains 16 candidates. Correspondingly, all pixels of a cover image are classified into three categories by a predefined embedding rate level: low, middle, and high. In the implementation phase, each pixel in the high level can be embedded with 3 bits by substituting its 7 LSBs (Least Significant Bit) using a close candidate from the group determined by the to-be-embedded 3 bits. For the middle level, pixel pairs are used to hide 3-bit data by substituting its (3, 4) LSBs combination using a close candidate form the group determined by the to-be-embedded 3 bits. For pixels in the low level, a triple pixel combination is used to embed 3-bit data by substituting its (2, 2, 3) LSBs combination using a close candidate form the group determined by the to-be-embedded 3 bits. The experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme is optimal compared to other existing matrix-coding data hiding schemes in terms of visual quality, while providing an identical embedding capacity. INDEX TERMS Adaptive data hiding, steganography, matrix coding, optimal visual quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABMC-DH: An Adaptive Bit-Plane Data Hiding Method Based on Matrix Coding

Lin

Chang

2020

IEEE Access

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“…These four generated codes are to be embeded into quantization values using APPM, and the one that causes the least distortion will be selected as the final authentication code. To embed (21,27) has the shortest distance to (22,28) , and…”

Section: B Embedment Of Authentication and Recovery Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semi-fragile watermarking is not sensitive to minor image modifications (e.g., JPEG compression), but is sensitive to malicious tampering [6]. In contrast, fragile watermarking is sensitive to any tampering [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], which protects the image to the largest extent. For the fragile watermarking method, since the embedded authentication code is fragile, tampering with the image will also destroy the authentication code.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of flipping a bit in bitmap, their method embeds the position of to-be-flipped bit into the quantization values and yields a good image quality. Chen et al [22] propose an AMBTC image authentication technique based on the Turtle shell reference table. In their method, authentication codes are embedded into the quantization values using an iterative method to provide high image quality and detectability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An AMBTC Authentication Scheme With Recoverability Using Matrix Encoding and Side Match

Hong

Lou

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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This paper presents an authentication scheme with recoverability based on Absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC). Previous works do not take into account characteristics of the AMBTC compressed codes. Therefore, the qualities of marked and recovered images are not satisfactory. In this paper, we generate the recovery codes according to block similarities. The recovery codes are scrambled and stored in the bitmaps of smooth blocks using Matrix encoding. The bits in the bitmap are flipped to obtain a set of authentication codes. The code that causes the least error is embedded into the quantization values using the adaptive pixel pair matching technique (APPM). For those complex blocks, the authentication codes are generated from the bitmaps, and are embedded into the quantization values. After authenticating, the tampered blocks are recovered by untampered ones with the same cluster information. Some blocks that cannot be recovered in the previous stage are recovered by using the Side match technique. The experimental results show that our method provides better image quality and recoverability than prior works.

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“…Therefore, AMBTC compression is suitable to the images with two sets of pixel characteristics, e.g., the images in which the edge or the contour is prominent. Many data hiding methods involving AMBTC compression have been recently proposed [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security for eHealth system: data hiding in AMBTC compressed images via gradient-based coding

Chen

Kao

et al. 2021

Complex Intell. Syst.

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Various eHealth applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT) contain a considerable number of medical images and visual electronic health records, which are transmitted through the Internet everyday. Information forensics thus becomes a critical issue. This paper presents a data hiding algorithm for absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) images, wherein secret data, or the authentication code, can be embedded in images to enhance security. Moreover, in view of the importance of transmission efficiency in IoT, image compression is widely used in Internet-based applications. To cope with this challenge, we present a novel compression method named gradient-based (GB) compression, which is compatible with AMBTC compression. Therefore, after applying the block classification scheme, GB compression and data hiding can be performed jointly for blocks with strong gradient effects, and AMBTC compression and data hiding can be performed jointly for the remaining blocks. From the experimental results, we demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.

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TSIA: A Novel Image Authentication Scheme for AMBTC-Based Compressed Images Using Turtle Shell Based Reference Matrix

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

ABMC-DH: An Adaptive Bit-Plane Data Hiding Method Based on Matrix Coding

ABMC-DH: An Adaptive Bit-Plane Data Hiding Method Based on Matrix Coding

An AMBTC Authentication Scheme With Recoverability Using Matrix Encoding and Side Match

Security for eHealth system: data hiding in AMBTC compressed images via gradient-based coding

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