Tryptophan: A Precursor of Signaling Molecules in Higher Plants

Corpas, Francisco J.; Gupta, Dharmendra K.; Palma, José M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77477-6_11

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Phe plays a pivotal role in plant growth and development [ 44 ], and the increase in Phe under ML conditions in our study agrees with previous findings in tea plants. Tyrosine is used as a substrate to synthesize numerous specialized metabolites, and Trp serves as a protein component and precursor to various secondary plant metabolites [ 45 ]. LIV forms a small group of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) due to their small branched hydrocarbon residues and aliphatic nature and is found in membrane-spanning protein domains [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Interactions between Phosphorus and Light Intensity on Metabolite Compositions in Tea Cultivar Longjing43

Long

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Light intensity influences energy production by increasing photosynthetic carbon, while phosphorus plays an important role in forming the complex nucleic acid structure for the regulation of protein synthesis. These two factors contribute to gene expression, metabolism, and plant growth regulation. In particular, shading is an effective agronomic practice and is widely used to improve the quality of green tea. Genotypic differences between tea cultivars have been observed as a metabolic response to phosphorus deficiency. However, little is known about how the phosphorus supply mediates the effect of shading on metabolites and how plant cultivar gene expression affects green tea quality. We elucidated the responses of the green tea cultivar Longjing43 under three light intensity levels and two levels of phosphorus supply based on a metabolomic analysis by GC×GC-TOF/MS (Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography coupled to Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry) and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS (Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry), a targeted analysis by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), and a gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR. In young shoots, the phosphorus concentration increased in line with the phosphate supply, and elevated light intensities were positively correlated with catechins, especially with epigallocatechin of Longjing43. Moreover, when the phosphorus concentration was sufficient, total amino acids in young shoots were enhanced by moderate shading which did not occur under phosphorus deprivation. By metabolomic analysis, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis (PTT) were enriched due to light and phosphorus effects. Under shaded conditions, SPX2 (Pi transport, stress, sensing, and signaling), SWEET3 (bidirectional sugar transporter), AAP (amino acid permeases), and GSTb (glutathione S-transferase b) shared the same analogous correlations with primary and secondary metabolite pathways. Taken together, phosphorus status is a crucial factor when shading is applied to increase green tea quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Interactions between Phosphorus and Light Intensity on Metabolite Compositions in Tea Cultivar Longjing43

Long

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…These compounds play diverse roles in plant physiology, influencing processes such as seed germination, root development, senescence, and flowering. Additionally, they contribute to the plant’s response mechanisms against both biotic and abiotic stresses [24]. We analysed their frequencies and found that ∼86% in both gene pools decreased in frequency during the progression from wild to domesticated accessions ( Supplementary Table 4e ).…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive gene loss in the common bean pan-genome during range expansion and domestication

Cortinovis,

Vincenzi,

Anderson

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) is a crucial grain legume crop [1,2] whose life history offers an ideal evolutionary model to identify and study adaptive variants in wild and domestication populations [3]. Here we present the first common bean pan-genome based on five high-quality genomes and whole-genome reads representing 339 genotypes. We found ∼243 Mb of additional sequences containing 7,495 protein-coding genes missing from the reference, constituting 51% of the total presence/absence variations (PAVs). There were more putatively deleterious mutations in PAVs than core genes, probably reflecting the lower effective population size of PAVs as well as fitness advantages due to the purging effect of gene loss. Our results suggest strong pan-genome shrinkage occurred during wild range expansion from Mexico to South America, with more PAV loss per individual in Andean vs Mesoamerican populations. Selection signatures during wild spreading and domestication were also associated with PAV loss involved in important adaptive traits. Our findings provide evidence that partial or complete gene loss was a key adaptive trait leading to localized and genome-wide reductions. This novel result has major implications for the understanding of the process of plant adaptation and claims for a paradigm shift in evolutionary genetics. Moreover, the common bean pan-genome is a valuable resource for food legume research and breeding towards climate change mitigation, and sustainable agriculture.

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“…Due to the hydrophobic nature of Trp and its bulkiness, Trp can participate in large‐scale van der Waals interactions within the hydrophobic core of proteins (Palego et al., 2016). Trp is also one of the amino acid residues most susceptible to oxidation and has been reported to undergo chemical alteration that leads to deleterious alterations in protein function (Corpas et al., 2021; Erland et al., 2015; Vitalini et al., 2020). Moreover, tryptophan is one of the most deficient amino acids in corn, rice, barley, rye, sorghum, and wheat (Boyer et al., 1992; Galili et al., 2005; Shewry, 2007; Shewry & Halford, 2002; Ufaz & Galili, 2008) despite being an essential amino acid (EAA) that cannot be made in the body and must be directly obtained from the diet (Vitalini et al., 2020; Wu, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High‐Throughput Absolute Quantification of Protein‐Bound Tryptophan from Model and Crop Seeds

2023

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This protocol describes a high‐throughput absolute quantification protocol for the aromatic essential amino acid, tryptophan (Trp). This procedure consists of a milligram‐scale alkaline hydrolysis followed by an absolute quantification step using a multiple reaction monitoring tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐MS/MS) detection method. The approach facilitates the analysis of a few hundred samples per week by using a 96‐well plate extraction setup. Importantly, the method uses only ∼4 mg of tissue per sample and uses the common alkaline hydrolysis protocol, followed by water extraction that includes L‐Trp‐d5 as an internal standard to enable the quantification of the absolute level of the bound Trp with high precision, accuracy, and reproducibility. The protocol described herein has been optimized for seed samples for Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, and Zea mays but could be applied to other plant tissues. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Analysis of protein‐bound tryptophan from seeds

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Tryptophan: A Precursor of Signaling Molecules in Higher Plants

Cited by 6 publications

References 120 publications

Effect of Interactions between Phosphorus and Light Intensity on Metabolite Compositions in Tea Cultivar Longjing43

Effect of Interactions between Phosphorus and Light Intensity on Metabolite Compositions in Tea Cultivar Longjing43

Adaptive gene loss in the common bean pan-genome during range expansion and domestication

A High‐Throughput Absolute Quantification of Protein‐Bound Tryptophan from Model and Crop Seeds

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