Trypsin Synthesis and Storage as Zymogen in the Midgut Gland of the Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei

Sáinz, Juan Carlos; García‐Carreño, Fernando; Sierra-Beltrán, Arturo P.; Hernández-Cortés, Patricia

doi:10.1651/c-2423

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is also related to the results reported by Hernández-Cortés et al (1999), who demonstrated the presence of trypsinogen in the digestive gland of the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. Furthermore, Sainz et al (2004), in their study on trypsin synthesis and storage as zymogen in fed and fasted individuals of L. vannamei, revealed that trypsinogen is not totally secreted from a single cell, but rather appears to be secreted partially as an effect of ingestion. It must be considered that trypsinogen can be spontaneously reactivated during the preparation of enzyme extracts and therefore be quantified as an active enzyme, such that it might not be distinguished from the enzyme that is activated and secreted for food digestion by natural causes (Sánchez-Paz et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of attractant stimuli, starvation period and food availability on digestive enzymes in the redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Parastacidae)

Sacristán¹,

Nolasco-Soria²,

Greco³

2014

Aquat. Biol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of attractant stimuli, starvation period and food availability on digestive enzymes in the redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Parastacidae)

Sacristán¹,

Nolasco-Soria²,

Greco³

2014

Aquat. Biol.

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“…A few years later, Sainz et al . (), by means of an immunological approach, elucidated that digestive isotrypsins are translated and stored in the midgut gland, as isotrypsinogens. Additionally, the authors demonstrated that regulation of isotrypsinogens is that of frequent feeders, stored as pro‐isotrypsins to be activated and secreted continuously, in contrast to sporadic feeders like snakes who turn the digestive system off until the next meal.…”

Section: Types Of Digestive Peptidasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The toolbox for protein digestion in decapod crustaceans: a review

Toro¹,

García‐Carreño²

2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Pancrustacea, including both crustaceans and insects, is the most abundant and diverse clade of Animalia and occupy all types of environments. They are studied because of their ecological, agricultural, health and economic issues, some being delicatessens. Crustaceans evolved during the Cambrian, thanks to adaptations, such as macrophagy, that allowed them to prey on diverse and energy-rich foods, which depended on complex digestive systems that drove evolution. As heterotrophs, crustaceans depend on their ability to obtain nutrients to fulfil their material, mostly carbon and energy requirements. Protein is the most important nutrient; up to 70% dry mass of a crustacean is protein. Hence, food protein is needed to obtain free amino acids to synthesize protein de novo (from scratch), because animals cannot synthesize the ten essential amino acids de novo. The ability to digest protein must have emerged early in evolution, as shown by the finding of trypsin coding genes in eubacterial genomes. Primitive organisms selectively fixed the ability to use foreign protein as a source of amino acids by synthesizing enzymes, now termed peptidases, which were capable of recognizing and hydrolysing peptide bonds in a specific region of a polypeptide chain, based on specificity for the side chains of amino acid residues in the carboxylic side of the site of cleavage. Here, we present a brief history on what and how digestive peptidases in crustaceans became known.

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“…Excluding insects, regulating mechanisms for the secretion and expression of digestive enzymes are largely unknown in invertebrates (Muhlia-Almaz an et al 2008). It is now accepted that after synthesis, digestive enzymes in crustaceans are stored as inactive zymogens in the digestive gland (Sainz et al 2004b). As high amounts of trypsin remain active in the foregut of fasted spiny lobsters, these could be responsible for the fast activation on newly secreted enzymes after feeding (Simon 2009b;Perera et al 2012a).…”

Section: Regulation Of Digestive Enzyme Secretion and Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestive physiology of spiny lobsters: implications for formulated diet development

Perera

Simon

2014

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The development of cost-effective and nutritionally adequate formulated feeds is a key step for developing sustainable technologies for new aquaculture species. There has been many research effort for over 30 years on feed development for spiny lobsters, but amazingly, poor performance of formulated feeds remains one of the major obstacles to progressing commercial aquaculture of these crustaceans. This is partially due to a lack of information on how spiny lobsters digest and assimilate formulated feeds. The aim of this review is to integrate recent information on the digestive physiology of spiny lobsters to identify areas where further studies are needed for advancing to more physiologically tailored formulated feeds. Increasing the efficiency of mechanical and chemical digestion is imperative for better digestion of formulated feeds. This is likely to be achieved by improving feed format, reducing the particle size of ingredients, using digestible binders, preprocessing or selecting more soluble macronutrients and supplementing feeds with additives such as pH buffers, emulsifying agents and/or exogenous enzymes. Future research needs to adopt a holistic approach for investigating the digestive processes in spiny lobsters by focusing on digestion as well as downstream processes. The protein-sparing effect of lipids and carbohydrates on spiny lobster metabolism is of a particular significance as the spiny lobster metabolism is strongly directed towards the use of protein. This review provides important insights, practical solutions and key research directions to improve both our understanding of spiny lobster digestive physiology and the performance of formulated feeds for spiny lobsters.

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Trypsin Synthesis and Storage as Zymogen in the Midgut Gland of the Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of attractant stimuli, starvation period and food availability on digestive enzymes in the redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Parastacidae)

Effect of attractant stimuli, starvation period and food availability on digestive enzymes in the redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Parastacidae)

The toolbox for protein digestion in decapod crustaceans: a review

Digestive physiology of spiny lobsters: implications for formulated diet development

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