Trypsin‐like Hatching Enzyme of Mouse Blastocysts: Evidence for Its Participation in Hatching Process before Zona Shedding of Embryos<sup>6</sup>

Yamazaki, Kimie; Suzuki, Rika; Hojo, Eriko; Kondo, Shunzo; Kato, Yoshihiro; Kamioka, Ken; Hoshi, Motonori; Sawada, Hitoshi

doi:10.1111/j.1440-169x.1994.00149.x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…1997; O'Sullivan et al. 2001) and are very sensitive to trypsin‐specific inhibitors (Yamazaki et al. 1994; Daniello et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Embryonic-hatching enzymes have been studied in different species and are mainly metalloproteases. Most have trypsin-like activity (Lubbering and Hofmann 1995;Daniello et al 1997;O'Sullivan et al 2001) and are very sensitive to trypsin-specific inhibitors (Yamazaki et al 1994;Daniello et al 1997;Fan and Katagiri 2001). A higher trypsin-like specific activity is related to less oocyte development as it is higher in the oocytes than in the mature eggs (Rungruangsak-Torrissen et al 2006b).…”

Section: Oocyte Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digestive Efficiency, Growth and Qualities of Muscle and Oocyte in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Fed on Diets With Krill Meal as an Alternative Protein Source

Rungruangsak‐Torrissen¹

2007

J Food Biochemistry

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Atlantic krill meal and Antarctic krill meal were tested to replace fish meal in Atlantic salmon diets. Different techniques were applied to precisely evaluate dietary quality and quality of fish growth performance. Inverse relationship between trypsin specific activity (T) and ratio of trypsin to chymotrypsin (T/C ratio) as a result of increased chymotrypsin specific activity (C) in the pyloric ceca indicated fish growth status as a reduction in growth rate. These protease values in the feces could also indicate fish digestive efficiency, but could not predict fish growth status. There were relationships among feed conversion efficiency (FCE), in vitro digestibility, and pyloric cecal T/C ratio, with inverse levels of krill meal in the diets. Krill meal seemed to increase muscle protein concentration through increasing protein retention, as capacity for protein synthesis was reduced. Dietary quality tests by in vitro digestibility were corresponded with growth studies, and indicated a possibility of inclusion of krill meal at 50–60% replacements, and larger fish were more sensitive to dietary quality than smaller ones. At 80–100% replacements, in vitro digestibility and FCE reduced, and oocyte quality changed through increased trypsin‐like specific activity probably because of less or abnormal oocyte development. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The work illustrates differences in digestive efficiency and the quality of growth performance (protein growth efficiency and capacity for protein synthesis in muscle and oocytes) in fish feeding on diets with different levels of krill meal as fish meal replacer. The advantage of using various methods simultaneously for evaluating digestive efficiency and the quality of fish growth performance is to precisely provide reasonable information for some important biological differences between fish groups that could not be explained by using growth parameter alone, especially when the numbers of samples are not high. The methods are very practical for studying food quality, food utilization and growth quality of fish in different environmental conditions and with different behaviors in aquaculture as well as in natural ecosystem where food consumption rate cannot be measured. The in vitro digestibility method, using fish crude enzyme extracts and standardized by trypsin activity, could also compare the digestive ability between different species and provide information on food quality in fish growth trials that may not be necessary to be performed.

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“…1997; O'Sullivan et al. 2001) and are very sensitive to trypsin‐specific inhibitors (Yamazaki et al. 1994; Daniello et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oocyte Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestive Efficiency, Growth and Qualities of Muscle and Oocyte in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Fed on Diets With Krill Meal as an Alternative Protein Source

Rungruangsak‐Torrissen¹

2007

J Food Biochemistry

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“…Embryonic hatching enzymes have been studied in different species and are mainly metalloproteases. Most have trypsin-like activity (Lubbering and Hofmann 1995;Daniello et al 1997;O'Sullivan et al 2001) and are very sensitive to trypsin-specific inhibitors (Yamazaki et al 1994;Daniello et al 1997;Fan and Katagiri 2001). As the water uptake during final oocyte maturation seems to be driven osmotically in marine fishes, not only by uptake of ions but also by hydrolysis of yolk protein to FAA (Craik and Harvey 1987;Thorsen et al 1993Thorsen et al , 1996, a higher hydrolysis of protein during the final oocyte maturation occurred in the oocytes from artificially fed females as higher trypsin-like specific activity and higher level of FAA were observed with relatively lower protein concentration, compared to the oocytes from control females without artificial feeding (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Artificial Feeding on Digestive Efficiency, Growth and Qualities of Muscle and Oocyte of Maturing Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber Scombrus L.)

Rungruangsak‐Torrissen

Fosseidengen

2007

J Food Biochemistry

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Maturing Atlantic mackerel with and without artificial feeding, kept in sea pens (September to May), showed differences in digestive efficiency (protease activity ratio of trypsin to chymotrypsin), muscle growth (concentrations of RNA, protein, RNA/protein ratio and free amino acids [FAA]) and oocyte quality (trypsin‐like specific activity, and concentrations of RNA, RNA/protein ratio and FAA). The artificially fed mackerel had higher body weights (1.7 times) but with less white muscle protein concentration (0.5 time), compared to the control group. Both groups showed higher levels of capacity for protein synthesis in the oocytes than in the white muscle, but it was about two times higher in the artificially fed fish whereas about four times higher in the control group. This indicated that, during maturation, development of oocytes and muscle for growth occurred concurrently in higher growth mackerel, while development of oocytes dominated in slower growth fish. A higher trypsin‐like specific activity with higher FAA levels in the oocytes from females fed with an artificial diet, compared to the control group, suggested differences in development and quality between the gametes of the fish with different feedings. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The work illustrates differences in digestive efficiency and the quality of growth performance (growth and protein metabolism in muscle and oocytes) in fish with different feedings. The use of various methods for evaluating digestive efficiency and the quality of fish growth performance could provide reasonable information for some important biological differences between fish groups, especially when the number of samples are low. It is more advantageous to apply different methods simultaneously than using growth parameter alone in order to study for precise evaluation of the quality of fish growth performance. The methods are very practical for studying food utilization and growth quality of fish in different environmental conditions and with different behaviors in aquaculture as well as in natural ecosystem where food consumption rate and feeding regime cannot be under control.

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“…Although several hypotheses have been proposed regarding the mechanism of hatching in mouse, bovine, equine, and human [33][34][35], only limited information exists about the entire process. Using donated day-2 frozen/thawed human embryos, we looked at embryonic development up to hatching by TLC [2,3].…”

Section: Hatching Process (Supplementary Movie 10 and 11)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Embryonic Behavior Observed with Time-Lapse Cinematography

Mio¹

2014

J Health Med Informat

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To clarify developmental behavior in human embryos, we observed oocytes with in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection and donated embryos up to 5 days using our original time-lapse cinematography (TLC) system. The TLC analyses demonstrated several novel aspects and events that were not visible by intermittent stillframe microscopy. Here, we present the entire fertilization process in which we founded the fertilization cone, cytoplasmic flare, dynamic change of nuclear precursor body and cytoplasmic halo. We also demonstrated the occurrence of zygotes with a single pronucleus (PN) and uneven 2PN, fragmentation, blastocoel collapse during the blastocyst stage, and the hatching pattern of expanded blastocysts. Observing such morphokineses in human embryos will enhance our understanding of human embryonic behavior up to preimplantation.

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Trypsin‐like Hatching Enzyme of Mouse Blastocysts: Evidence for Its Participation in Hatching Process before Zona Shedding of Embryos⁶

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Digestive Efficiency, Growth and Qualities of Muscle and Oocyte in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Fed on Diets With Krill Meal as an Alternative Protein Source

Digestive Efficiency, Growth and Qualities of Muscle and Oocyte in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Fed on Diets With Krill Meal as an Alternative Protein Source

Effect of Artificial Feeding on Digestive Efficiency, Growth and Qualities of Muscle and Oocyte of Maturing Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber Scombrus L.)

Human Embryonic Behavior Observed with Time-Lapse Cinematography

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Trypsin‐like Hatching Enzyme of Mouse Blastocysts: Evidence for Its Participation in Hatching Process before Zona Shedding of Embryos6

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Digestive Efficiency, Growth and Qualities of Muscle and Oocyte in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Fed on Diets With Krill Meal as an Alternative Protein Source

Digestive Efficiency, Growth and Qualities of Muscle and Oocyte in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Fed on Diets With Krill Meal as an Alternative Protein Source

Effect of Artificial Feeding on Digestive Efficiency, Growth and Qualities of Muscle and Oocyte of Maturing Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber Scombrus L.)

Human Embryonic Behavior Observed with Time-Lapse Cinematography

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Trypsin‐like Hatching Enzyme of Mouse Blastocysts: Evidence for Its Participation in Hatching Process before Zona Shedding of Embryos⁶