Trypanothione: A unique bis-glutathionyl derivative in trypanosomatids

Manta, Bruno; Comini, Marcelo A.; Medeiros, Andrea; Hugo, Martín; Trujillo, Madia; Radí, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.013

Cited by 110 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 258 publications

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“…In order to shed light into this question and taking into account a potential role for selenoproteins in redox or mitochondrial sulfur-related metabolism, we analyzed the content of representative proteins from thiol-dependent metabolic pathways in parasites isolated from animals infected with the SepSecS-KO and WT cell lines. Thus, we analyzed the expression of trypanothione reductase (TR), a NADPH-dependent flavoenzyme in charge of maintaining trypanothione reduced, which is the major low molecular mass redox co-substrate in trypanosomatids [7]; TXN-Px, a tryparedoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin that catalyzes the decomposition of hydroperoxides very efficiently [40]; TXN, a thioredoxin-like oxidoreductase that plays a key role in protein redox homeostasis [17]; Grx1, a class II glutaredoxin with an essential role in the mitochondrial iron-sulfur biosynthetic pathway [28]; and Grx3, a class II glutaredoxin fused to a thioredoxin domain with putative roles in cytosolic mobilization and/or assembly of iron-sulfur clusters [41,42]. The expression level of none of these proteins differed significantly between SepSecS-KO and WT parasites isolated from infected mice (Fig.…”

Section: Selenoproteins Are Fully Dispensable For the Survival Of Afrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selenoproteins of African trypanosomes are dispensable for parasite survival in a mammalian host

Bonilla

Krull

Irigoı́n

et al. 2016

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

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Section: Selenoproteins Are Fully Dispensable For the Survival Of Afrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most selenoproteins are redox enzymes containing a catalytic Sec residue. dithiol and devoid of selenocysteine-containing peroxidases [7]. Nonetheless, as most Sec incorporating organisms, the kinetoplastida lineage possesses the entire Sec incorporation machinery dedicated to a small selenoproteome [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenoproteins of African trypanosomes are dispensable for parasite survival in a mammalian host

Bonilla

Krull

Irigoı́n

et al. 2016

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

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“…T(SH) 2 is an essential thiol compound involved in various processes including ROS metabolism, DNA replication, and iron-sulphur cluster assembly as electron donors of TXN and Grx in trypanosomatids (Manta et al 2013). The biosynthesis of T(SH) 2 was originally considered to be catalyzed by two distinct enzymes.…”

Section: Low-molecular-weight Thiolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry and Physiology of Reactive Oxygen Species in Euglena

Ishikawa¹,

Tamaki²,

Maruta³

et al. 2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide are by-products of various metabolic processes in aerobic organisms including Euglena. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are the main sites of ROS generation by photosynthesis and respiration, respectively, through the active electron transport chain. An efficient antioxidant network is required to maintain intracellular ROS pools at optimal conditions for redox homeostasis. A comparison with the networks of plants and animals revealed that Euglena has acquired some aspects of ROS metabolic process. Euglena lacks catalase and a typical selenocysteine containing animal-type glutathione peroxidase for hydrogen peroxide scavenging, but contains enzymes involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycle solely in the cytosol. Ascorbate peroxidase in Euglena, which plays a central role in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, forms a unique intra-molecular dimer structure that is related to the recognition of peroxides. We recently identified peroxiredoxin and NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase isoforms in cellular compartments including chloroplasts and mitochondria, indicating the physiological significance of the thioredoxin system in metabolism of ROS. Besides glutathione, Euglena contains the unusual thiol compound trypanothione, an unusual form of glutathione involving two molecules of glutathione joined by a spermidine linker, which has been identified in pathogenic protists such as Trypanosomatida and Schizopyrenida. Furthermore, in contrast to plants, photosynthesis by Euglena is not susceptible to hydrogen peroxide because of resistance of the Calvin cycle enzymes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatse, NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatase, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, and phosphoribulokinase to hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, these characteristics of Euglena appear to exemplify a strategy for survival and adaptation to various environmental conditions during the evolutionary process of euglenoids.

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“…The trifluoroacetate salts of N 1 ,N 5 -bis(trifluoroacetyl)diethylenetriamine (8), N 1 ,N 8 -bis(trifluoroacetyl)spermidine (10) and N 1 ,N 12 -bis(trifluoroacetyl)spermine (11) were prepared as previously reported. 86 All other reagents were purchased from commercial sources.…”

Section: Synthesis Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%