Trypanosome species, including  Trypanosoma cruzi , in sylvatic and peridomestic bats of Texas, USA

Hodo, Carolyn L.; Goodwin, Chloe C.; Mayes, Bonny; Mariscal, Jacqueline Alyssa; Waldrup, Kenneth A.; Hamer, Sarah A.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.013

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Among the different genera of the Trypanosomatidae family, the Trypanosoma genus includes species that are found in all classes of vertebrate hosts. The protozoan Trypanosoma dionisii is a parasite found in the Americas (Brazil, Bolivia, and the United States), Europe (Belgium, England, and Czech Republic), and Asia (China and Japan) [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In Brazil, T. dionisii is found in almost all biomes, including the Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Pantanal, and transition areas of the Pantanal and Cerrado.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biological and Genetic Heterogeneity in Trypanosoma dionisii Isolates from Hematophagous and Insectivorous Bats

et al. 2020

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This study describes the morphological, biochemical, and molecular differences among Trypanosoma dionisii isolates from hemocultures of hematophagous (Desmodus rotundus; n = 2) and insectivorous (Lonchorhina aurita; n = 1) bats from the Atlantic Rainforest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fusiform epimastigotes from the hematophagous isolates were elongated, whereas those of the insectivorous isolate were stumpy, reflected in statistically evident differences in the cell body and flagellum lengths. In the hemocultures, a higher percentage of trypomastigote forms (60%) was observed in the hematophagous bat isolates than that in the isolate from the insectivorous bat (4%), which demonstrated globular morphology. Three molecular DNA regions were analyzed: V7V8 (18S rDNA), glycosomal glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, and mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The samples were also subjected to multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. All isolates were identified as T. dionisii by phylogenetic analysis. These sequences were clustered into two separate subgroups with high bootstrap values according to the feeding habits of the bats from which the parasites were isolated. However, other T. dionisii samples from bats with different feeding habits were found in the same branch. These results support the separation of the three isolates into two subgroups, demonstrating that different subpopulations of T. dionisii circulate among bats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and Genetic Heterogeneity in Trypanosoma dionisii Isolates from Hematophagous and Insectivorous Bats

et al. 2020

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“…and Herpetomonas samuelpessoai mixed infection in an HIV-positive patient [4,5]; (iii) members of Herpetomonas infecting plants [6]; and (iv) a recent report of Blastocrithidia sp. infecting bats [7]. All these findings show that these parasites exhibit an unsuspected adaptability to new environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of trypanosomatids, including Crithidia mellificae, in bats from the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Rangel¹,

Lisboa²,

Novaes³

et al. 2019

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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We studied infection by Trypanosomatidae in bats captured in two areas with different degradation levels in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro state: Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA) and Estação Fiocruz Mata Atlântica (EFMA). Furthermore, we evaluated whether the diversity of trypanosomatids changes according to bat diversity and the different levels of preservation in the region. The results showed no influence of the level of preservation on bat species richness (15 and 14 species, respectively), with similar chiropterofauna and higher abundance of two common fruit-eating bat species in the tropics: Carollia perspicillata and Artibeus lituratus . Of the 181 bat specimens analyzed by LIT/Schneider hemoculture, we detected 24 infected individuals (13%), including one positive Sturnira lilium individual that was also positive by fresh blood examination. Molecular characterization using nested PCR targeting the 18 SSU rRNA-encoding gene fragment showed similar trypanosomatid infection rates in bats from the two areas: 15% in REGUA and 11% in EFMA ( p = 0.46). Trypanosoma dionisii was the most frequently detected parasite (54%), followed by T . cruzi DTUs TcI and TcIV and Trypanosoma sp., in Neotropical phyllostomid bats (RNMO63 and RNMO56); mixed infections by T . dionisii / T . cruzi TcIII and T . dionisii / T . cruzi TcI were also observed. The T . cruzi DTUs TcI and TcIV are the genotypes currently involved in cases of acute Chagas disease in Brazil, and T . dionisii was recently found in the heart tissue of an infected child. Surprisingly, we also describe for the first time Crithidia mellificae , a putative monoxenous parasite from insects, infecting a vertebrate host in the Americas. Bats from the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro state harbor a great diversity of trypanosomatids, maintaining trypanosomatid diversity in this sylvatic environment.

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“…Additionally, positive vectors have been identified in nine states, including Alabama, Arizona, California, Georgia, Louisiana, New Mexico, Tennessee and Texas ( Bern et al 2011 ). Contrastingly, the distribution of T. cruzi in wildlife has been reconstructed through the screening of mammals, chiefly raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) and Virginia opossums ( Didelphis virginiana ), from Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia ( Bi et al 2010 , Bern et al 2011 , Rosypal et al 2014 , Hodo et al 2016 ). However, the sylvatic life cycle of T. cruzi has been documented only in southern and coastal states ( Garcia et al 2015 , Herrera et al 2015 , Hodo et al 2016 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…To add to this complexity, some strains show clear host preferences ( Brenière et al 2016 ). As a consequence, the species has been subdivided into six universally recognized discrete typing units (DTUs), including TcI through TcVI, and a seventh, TcBat, that cycles through bats ( Zingales et al 2009 , 2012 , Lima et al 2015 , Hodo et al 2016 ). In the United States, the strains TcI, TcIV, and, less commonly, TcII have been documented in both mammals and triatomines ( Herrera et al 2015 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma cruzi strain TcIV infects raccoons from Illinois

Vandermark

Zieman

Boyles

et al. 2018

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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BACKGROUNDThe northern limits of Trypanosoma cruzi across the territory of the United States remain unknown. The known vectors Triatoma sanguisuga and T. lecticularia find their northernmost limits in Illinois; yet, earlier screenings of those insects did not reveal the presence of the pathogen, which has not been reported in vectors or reservoir hosts in this state.OBJECTIVESFive species of medium-sized mammals were screened for the presence of T. cruzi.METHODSGenomic DNA was isolated from heart, spleen and skeletal muscle of bobcats (Lynx rufus, n = 60), raccoons (Procyon lotor, n = 37), nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus, n = 5), Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana, n = 3), and a red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Infections were detected targeting DNA from the kinetoplast DNA minicircle (kDNA) and satellite DNA (satDNA). The discrete typing unit (DTU) was determined by amplifying two gene regions: the Spliced Leader Intergenic Region (SL), via a multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and the 24Sα ribosomal DNA via a heminested reaction. Resulting sequences were used to calculate their genetic distance against reference DTUs.FINDINGS18.9% of raccoons were positive for strain TcIV; the rest of mammals tested negative.MAIN CONCLUSIONSThese results confirm for the first time the presence of T. cruzi in wildlife from Illinois, suggesting that a sylvatic life cycle is likely to occur in the region. The analyses of sequences of SL suggest that amplicons resulting from a commonly used multiplex reaction may yield non-homologous fragments.

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Trypanosome species, including Trypanosoma cruzi , in sylvatic and peridomestic bats of Texas, USA

Cited by 35 publications

References 57 publications

Biological and Genetic Heterogeneity in Trypanosoma dionisii Isolates from Hematophagous and Insectivorous Bats

Biological and Genetic Heterogeneity in Trypanosoma dionisii Isolates from Hematophagous and Insectivorous Bats

Isolation and characterization of trypanosomatids, including Crithidia mellificae, in bats from the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Trypanosoma cruzi strain TcIV infects raccoons from Illinois

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