Trypanosoma rangeli Genetic, Mammalian Hosts, and Geographical Diversity from Five Brazilian Biomes

Dario, Maria Augusta; Pavan, Márcio G.; Rodrigues, Marina Silva; Lisboa, Cristiane Varella; Kluyber, Danilo; Desbiez, Arnaud Léonard Jean; Herrera, Heitor Miraglia; Roque, André Luiz Rodrigues; Lima, Luciana; Teixeira, Marta Maria Geraldes; Jansen, Ana Maria

doi:10.3390/pathogens10060736

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…Trypanosoma rangeli has genetic heterogeneity, and can be grouped into five genotypes (A, B, C, D, and E) [36,37]. In this study, infection by T. rangeli lineage A was detected in blood samples from only one D. aurita, and this can be explained by the low parasitemia that this parasite presents in parasitological diagnoses, as reported by Dario et al (2021) [38]. This parasite can be found in several species of mammalian hosts, having a large geographical distribution that has been reported in several locations [38,39], including other areas of the Atlantic Forest [33,34,38,40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…In this study, infection by T. rangeli lineage A was detected in blood samples from only one D. aurita, and this can be explained by the low parasitemia that this parasite presents in parasitological diagnoses, as reported by Dario et al (2021) [38]. This parasite can be found in several species of mammalian hosts, having a large geographical distribution that has been reported in several locations [38,39], including other areas of the Atlantic Forest [33,34,38,40]. Despite this, this is the first time that lineage A has been reported in the state of Rio de Janeiro, where only lineages D and E were previously reported [38].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…This parasite can be found in several species of mammalian hosts, having a large geographical distribution that has been reported in several locations [38,39], including other areas of the Atlantic Forest [33,34,38,40]. Despite this, this is the first time that lineage A has been reported in the state of Rio de Janeiro, where only lineages D and E were previously reported [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Trypanosomatid Richness in Wild and Synanthropic Small Mammals from a Biological Station in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

et al. 2021

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Trypanosomatids are diverse and can infect several host species, including small mammals (rodents and marsupials). Between 2012 and 2014, 91 small mammals were surveyed for trypanosomatid infection in the Estação Biológica FIOCRUZ Mata Atlântica (EFMA), an Atlantic Forest area in Rio de Janeiro that presents different levels of conserved and degraded areas. Blood, skin, liver, and spleen samples were submitted to parasitological, serological, and molecular assays to detect the infection and determine the taxonomic status of their parasites. Sixty-eight individuals (74.7%; n = 91) were infected by trypanosomatids, including fourteen mixed infected by different trypanosomatid parasites. These hosts were infected by: T. cruzi DTU TcI (n = 12), T. cruzi DTU TcIV (n = 2), T. janseni (n = 15), T. dionisii (n = 1), and T. rangeli A (n = 1) detected in blood or tissue cultures, in addition to T. cruzi DTU TcI (n = 9) and Leishmania sp. (n = 1) only by the molecular diagnosis. Serological diagnosis was positive in 38 (71.6%) individuals for T. cruzi, the same amount for Leishmania spp., and 23 (43.3%) individuals were mixed infected. These data indicate a remarkable richness of trypanosomatid species/genotypes infecting small mammals, even in a disturbed area with low mammal species diversity—as is the case of the EFMA—reinforcing the generalist aspect of these parasites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Trypanosomatid Richness in Wild and Synanthropic Small Mammals from a Biological Station in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

et al. 2021

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“…Bats are also known to harbour a high diversity of trypanosomes [ 5 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. In addition to the well-known pathogens T. cruzi and T. evansi, another 48 trypanosome species and genotypes have been reported in more than 75 species of bats from a wide range of Chiroptera families in the American continent, Africa, Asia, Europe and Oceania (e.g., [ 6 , 26 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Epidemiology of Bat Trypanosomes: A One Health Perspective

Austen

Barbosa

2021

Pathogens

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Bats (order Chiroptera) have been increasingly recognised as important reservoir hosts for human and animal pathogens worldwide. In this context, molecular and microscopy-based investigations to date have revealed remarkably high diversity of Trypanosoma spp. harboured by bats, including species of recognised medical and veterinary importance such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma evansi (aetiological agents of Chagas disease and Surra, respectively). This review synthesises current knowledge on the diversity, taxonomy, evolution and epidemiology of bat trypanosomes based on both molecular studies and morphological records. In addition, we use a One Health approach to discuss the significance of bats as reservoirs (and putative vectors) of T. cruzi, with a focus on the complex associations between intra-specific genetic diversity and eco-epidemiology of T. cruzi in sylvatic and domestic ecosystems. This article also highlights current knowledge gaps on the biological implications of trypanosome co-infections in a single host, as well as the prevalence, vectors, life-cycle, host-range and clinical impact of most bat trypanosomes recorded to date. Continuous research efforts involving molecular surveillance of bat trypanosomes are required for improved disease prevention and control, mitigation of biosecurity risks and potential spill-over events, ultimately ensuring the health of humans, domestic animals and wildlife globally.

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“…infection in dogs (serological tests for T. cruzi and molecular blood clot for trypanosomatids) in Fazenda Batatal and Vale do Shahy locations, Mangaratiba municipality, Rio de Janeiro state. *Sequence previously published byDario et al (2021a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma Species in Small Nonflying Mammals in an Area With a Single Previous Chagas Disease Case

Dario

Lisboa

Xavier

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Trypanosomatids are hemoflagellate parasites that even though they have been increasingly studied, many aspects of their biology and taxonomy remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the Trypanosoma sp. transmission cycle in nonflying small mammals in an area where a case of acute Chagas disease occurred in Mangaratiba municipality, Rio de Janeiro state. Three expeditions were conducted in the area: the first in 2012, soon after the human case, and two others in 2015. Sylvatic mammals were captured and submitted to blood collection for trypanosomatid parasitological and serological exams. Dogs from the surrounding areas where the sylvatic mammals were captured were also tested for T. cruzi infection. DNA samples were extracted from blood clots and positive hemocultures, submitted to polymerase chain reaction targeting SSU rDNA and gGAPDH genes, sequenced and phylogenetic analysed. Twenty-one wild mammals were captured in 2012, mainly rodents, and 17 mammals, mainly marsupials, were captured in the two expeditions conducted in 2015. Only four rodents demonstrated borderline serological T. cruzi test (IFAT), two in 2012 and two in 2015. Trypanosoma janseni was the main Trypanosoma species identified, and isolates were obtained solely from Didelphis aurita. In addition to biological differences, molecular differences are suggestive of genetic diversity in this flagellate species. Trypanosoma sp. DID was identified in blood clots from D. aurita in single and mixed infections with T. janseni. Concerning dogs, 12 presented mostly borderline serological titers for T. cruzi and no positive hemoculture. In blood clots from 11 dogs, T. cruzi DNA was detected and characterized as TcI (n = 9) or TcII (n = 2). Infections by Trypanosoma rangeli lineage E (n = 2) and, for the first time, Trypanosoma caninum, Trypanosoma dionisii, and Crithidia mellificae (n = 1 each) were also detected in dogs. We concluded that despite the low mammalian species richness and degraded environment, a high Trypanosoma species richness species was being transmitted with the predominance of T. janseni and not T. cruzi, as would be expected in a locality of an acute case of Chagas disease.

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Trypanosoma rangeli Genetic, Mammalian Hosts, and Geographical Diversity from Five Brazilian Biomes

Cited by 16 publications

References 98 publications

Trypanosomatid Richness in Wild and Synanthropic Small Mammals from a Biological Station in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Trypanosomatid Richness in Wild and Synanthropic Small Mammals from a Biological Station in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Diversity and Epidemiology of Bat Trypanosomes: A One Health Perspective

Trypanosoma Species in Small Nonflying Mammals in an Area With a Single Previous Chagas Disease Case

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