Trypanosoma evansi infection in buffaloes in North-east Thailand. II. Abortions

Löhr, K. F.; Pholpark, Satis; Siriwan, P.; Leesirikul, N.; Srikitjakarn, Lertrak; Staak, C.

doi:10.1007/bf02359721

Cited by 47 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Experimentally infected sows at 1^2 months of pregnancy aborted approximately 4 days after infection (Teeraprasert et al, 1984b). In the same areas there have been reports of abortion in water bu¡alo induced by T. evansi infection (Lohr et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for Trypanosoma evansi in Experimentally Infected Pigs and Subsequent Use in Field Surveys in North Vietnam and Thailand

Holland

Thanh

et al. 2005

Trop Anim Health Prod

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This study is concerned with the evaluation of established diagnostic tests for diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi in pigs. The immune trypanolysis test (TL), card agglutination test (CATT), latex agglutination test (LATEX), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), microhaematocrit centrifugation technique (MHCT) and mouse inoculation (MI) tests were initially evaluated in experimentally infected fattening pigs. All infected pigs were confirmed parasitologically positive with both MHCT and MI. Results of the serological assays indicated that the TL could be a reference test for the presence of RoTat 1.2 antibodies in pigs. The results of the CATT and LATEX were inconsistent with the TL while the ELISA results correlated with the TL results. The four serological assays were subsequently used in two field surveys in Vietnam and Thailand. Results of the two agglutination assays (CATT and LATEX) were not consistent and did not correlate with TL results. The ELISA at percentage positivity of 22 appeared to have good ability to discriminate between seropositive and seronegative animals. Of the 437 samples collected at smallholder pig premises in northern Vietnam, no positive pigs were detected with the TL test. In Thailand, 77 samples were collected from five farrowing farms with a history of surra. Two parasitologically positive sows were found and on each farm seropositive sows were detected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for Trypanosoma evansi in Experimentally Infected Pigs and Subsequent Use in Field Surveys in North Vietnam and Thailand

Holland

Thanh

et al. 2005

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…In Indonesia, national losses associated with trypanosomosis in buffaloes and cattle have been estimated to be US $22n4 million per year [5], US $45\draught animal per year due to reduced work output [6] and US $9n14\beef animal [7]. Abortion [8], anoestrus [9] and weight loss [10] have also been associated with T. e ansi infection. How-ever, total economic losses due to T. e ansi in livestock throughout Southeast Asia, where large numbers of buffaloes and cattle are at risk of infection, are not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence of Trypanosoma evansi in buffaloes in Indonesia, estimated using various diagnostic tests

Davison

Thrusfield

Husein³

et al. 2000

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThe prevalence and incidence of Trypanosoma e ansi infections in village buffaloes in Central Java were estimated using parasitological tests, two antigen-detection ELISAs (2G6 Ag-ELISA and Tr7 Ag-ELISA), an antibody-detection ELISA (IgG ELISA) and a card agglutination test (CATT). Of 2387 village buffaloes tested in five districts, 4 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] : 3 %, 5 %) were positive with the microhaematocrit test (MHCT), 58 % (95 % CI : 56 %, 60 %) were positive with the 2G6 Ag-ELISA and 70 % (95 % CI : 68 %, 72 %) were positive with the Tr7 Ag-ELISA. An increasing prevalence with age was found and the proportion of positive buffaloes was highest in the over 84 months-old age-group (68 %) with the 2G6 Ag-ELISA and in the 37-60 months-old age-group (78 %) with the Tr7 Ag-ELISA. Parasitaemic buffaloes were found in more than half of the villages visited. Corrected village-specific prevalence values obtained with the two Ag-ELISAs ranged from 0 % to over 100 %, and prevalence differed significantly (P 0n0001) between villages in four of the five districts. Overall, 10 % of buffaloes tested in markets were found to be parasitaemic and 39, 56 and 47 % were found positive with the 2G6 Ag-ELISA, IgG ELISA and CATT, respectively. Incidence rates varied according to the test used and ranged from 0n22 (95 % CI : 0n09, 0n44) to 0n44 (95 % CI : 0n24, 0n76), per animal-year at risk, in two villages. The results highlight the importance of using validated diagnostic tests to obtain accurate estimates of prevalence and incidence. These parameters are needed, for example in mathematical models, for the development and evaluation of different control strategies for T. e ansi infections in buffaloes.

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“…Surra has been associated with reproductive problems (i.e. abortions, stillbirths) in buffaloes (Lohr et al, 1986;Kashiwazaki et al, 1998) and in other animals (Arunasalam et al, 1995;Kashiwazaki et al, 1998;Suteeraparp et al, 1999;Gutierrez et al, 2006). Reduced calving rate in high surra risk areas could also be attributed to reduced fertility of infected bulls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surra is an acute disease with high mortality in susceptible animal species such as horses, dogs and wallabies (Reid et al, 2001b) and a chronic but invariably fatal disease in most other livestock species (Luckins, 1988). Progressive emaciation, anaemia, reduced draft power, immuno-suppression and low reproduction due to infertility, abortions and stillbirths are also common manifestations in affected animals (Lohr et al, 1986;Luckins, 1988;Dargantes et al, 2005b). Buffalo and cattle are probably the main reservoir hosts for T. evansi because other infected species tend to either rapidly die (horses, wallabies dogs) or experience a brief/low parasitaemia (pig, deer) in tissues which impedes transmission (Luckins, 1988;Reid et al, 1999Reid et al, , 2001b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the impact of Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) on buffalo population dynamics in southern Philippines using data from cross-sectional surveys

Dargantes

Mercado²,

Dobson

et al. 2009

International Journal for Parasitology

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Despite the widespread problem with surra (Trypanosoma evansi) in livestock, there are no published studies on its impact on host populations, probably because of the large financial and time cost involved in performing longitudinal studies. During 2002-6, a cross-sectional survey for T. evansi infection involving 1,732 buffaloes from 71 villages in southern Philippines was carried out. Other livestock animals (horses, cattle and goats) in every surveyed village were also tested for infection with T. evansi but domestic buffalo were the primary survey target. Seroprevalence ranged from 6% to 21% and 13% to 100% for buffalo in low and high risk areas, respectively. Key demographic parameters were estimated from the age structured distributions of the sampled buffalo population for each sex. All areas were dominated by females (69%) and the annual calving rate for areas of 100% and low seroprevalence was 15% and 47%, respectively. Males were removed at a relatively high annual rate of 27% in all areas. In the main reproductive years (4-10) female removal/mortality was <1% and 10% for low and high risk areas, respectively. Older females were removed/died at a rate similar to males regardless of area. In high risk areas there were consistently more 2-year than 1-year old females and the reverse was true for the low risk areas. This implies that females were imported to the high risk areas for breeding. By assuming a stable age structure and similar size populations in each area, it was estimated that 28% of female calves need to be moved from low to high risk areas to maintain the observed age structure. In high-risk areas, surra imposes significant financial losses due to reduced fertility, high mortality/removal rate and the necessity to import replacement buffalo.

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Trypanosoma evansi infection in buffaloes in North-east Thailand. II. Abortions

Abstract: By exclusion of other possible aetiological agents, strong circumstantial evidence is presented of Trypanosoma evansi infection being the cause of late gestation abortion and stillbirth in buffaloes.

Cited by 47 publications

References 4 publications

Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for Trypanosoma evansi in Experimentally Infected Pigs and Subsequent Use in Field Surveys in North Vietnam and Thailand

Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for Trypanosoma evansi in Experimentally Infected Pigs and Subsequent Use in Field Surveys in North Vietnam and Thailand

The occurrence of Trypanosoma evansi in buffaloes in Indonesia, estimated using various diagnostic tests

Estimating the impact of Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) on buffalo population dynamics in southern Philippines using data from cross-sectional surveys

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